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Locator

Locators are the central piece of Playwright's auto-waiting and retry-ability. In a nutshell, locators represent a way to find element(s) on the page at any moment. A locator can be created with the page.locator() method.

Learn more about locators.

Methods​

all​

Added in: v1.29 locator.all

When the locator points to a list of elements, this returns an array of locators, pointing to their respective elements.

note

locator.all() does not wait for elements to match the locator, and instead immediately returns whatever is present in the page.

When the list of elements changes dynamically, locator.all() will produce unpredictable and flaky results.

When the list of elements is stable, but loaded dynamically, wait for the full list to finish loading before calling locator.all().

Usage

for li in page.get_by_role('listitem').all():
  li.click();

Returns

all_inner_texts​

Added in: v1.14 locator.all_inner_texts

Returns an array of node.innerText values for all matching nodes.

Asserting text

If you need to assert text on the page, prefer expect(locator).to_have_text() with use_inner_text option to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

texts = page.get_by_role("link").all_inner_texts()

Returns

all_text_contents​

Added in: v1.14 locator.all_text_contents

Returns an array of node.textContent values for all matching nodes.

Asserting text

If you need to assert text on the page, prefer expect(locator).to_have_text() to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

texts = page.get_by_role("link").all_text_contents()

Returns

and_​

Added in: v1.34 locator.and_

Creates a locator that matches both this locator and the argument locator.

Usage

The following example finds a button with a specific title.

button = page.get_by_role("button").and_(page.getByTitle("Subscribe"))

Arguments

  • locator Locator#

    Additional locator to match.

Returns

aria_snapshot​

Added in: v1.49 locator.aria_snapshot

Captures the aria snapshot of the given element. Read more about aria snapshots and expect(locator).to_match_aria_snapshot() for the corresponding assertion.

Usage

page.get_by_role("link").aria_snapshot()

Arguments

Returns

Details

This method captures the aria snapshot of the given element. The snapshot is a string that represents the state of the element and its children. The snapshot can be used to assert the state of the element in the test, or to compare it to state in the future.

The ARIA snapshot is represented using YAML markup language:

  • The keys of the objects are the roles and optional accessible names of the elements.
  • The values are either text content or an array of child elements.
  • Generic static text can be represented with the text key.

Below is the HTML markup and the respective ARIA snapshot:

<ul aria-label="Links">
  <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
  <li><a href="/about">About</a></li>
<ul>
- list "Links":
  - listitem:
    - link "Home"
  - listitem:
    - link "About"

blur​

Added in: v1.28 locator.blur

Calls blur on the element.

Usage

locator.blur()
locator.blur(**kwargs)

Arguments

Returns

bounding_box​

Added in: v1.14 locator.bounding_box

This method returns the bounding box of the element matching the locator, or null if the element is not visible. The bounding box is calculated relative to the main frame viewport - which is usually the same as the browser window.

Usage

box = page.get_by_role("button").bounding_box()
page.mouse.click(box["x"] + box["width"] / 2, box["y"] + box["height"] / 2)

Arguments

Returns

  • NoneType | Dict#

    • x float

      the x coordinate of the element in pixels.

    • y float

      the y coordinate of the element in pixels.

    • width float

      the width of the element in pixels.

    • height float

      the height of the element in pixels.

Details

Scrolling affects the returned bounding box, similarly to Element.getBoundingClientRect. That means x and/or y may be negative.

Elements from child frames return the bounding box relative to the main frame, unlike the Element.getBoundingClientRect.

Assuming the page is static, it is safe to use bounding box coordinates to perform input. For example, the following snippet should click the center of the element.

check​

Added in: v1.14 locator.check

Ensure that checkbox or radio element is checked.

Usage

page.get_by_role("checkbox").check()

Arguments

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • position Dict (optional)#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional)#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.

Returns

Details

Performs the following steps:

  1. Ensure that element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method throws. If the element is already checked, this method returns immediately.
  2. Wait for actionability checks on the element, unless force option is set.
  3. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  4. Use page.mouse to click in the center of the element.
  5. Ensure that the element is now checked. If not, this method throws.

If the element is detached from the DOM at any moment during the action, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

clear​

Added in: v1.28 locator.clear

Clear the input field.

Usage

page.get_by_role("textbox").clear()

Arguments

Returns

Details

This method waits for actionability checks, focuses the element, clears it and triggers an input event after clearing.

If the target element is not an <input>, <textarea> or [contenteditable] element, this method throws an error. However, if the element is inside the <label> element that has an associated control, the control will be cleared instead.

click​

Added in: v1.14 locator.click

Click an element.

Usage

Click a button:

page.get_by_role("button").click()

Shift-right-click at a specific position on a canvas:

page.locator("canvas").click(
    button="right", modifiers=["Shift"], position={"x": 23, "y": 32}
)

Arguments

  • button "left" | "right" | "middle" (optional)#

    Defaults to left.

  • click_count int (optional)#

    defaults to 1. See UIEvent.detail.

  • delay float (optional)#

    Time to wait between mousedown and mouseup in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • modifiers List["Alt" | "Control" | "ControlOrMeta" | "Meta" | "Shift"] (optional)#

    Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the operation, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used. "ControlOrMeta" resolves to "Control" on Windows and Linux and to "Meta" on macOS.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option will default to true in the future.

    Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to false.

  • position Dict (optional)#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional)#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it. Note that keyboard modifiers will be pressed regardless of trial to allow testing elements which are only visible when those keys are pressed.

Returns

Details

This method clicks the element by performing the following steps:

  1. Wait for actionability checks on the element, unless force option is set.
  2. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  3. Use page.mouse to click in the center of the element, or the specified position.
  4. Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless no_wait_after option is set.

If the element is detached from the DOM at any moment during the action, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

count​

Added in: v1.14 locator.count

Returns the number of elements matching the locator.

Asserting count

If you need to assert the number of elements on the page, prefer expect(locator).to_have_count() to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

count = page.get_by_role("listitem").count()

Returns

dblclick​

Added in: v1.14 locator.dblclick

Double-click an element.

Usage

locator.dblclick()
locator.dblclick(**kwargs)

Arguments

  • button "left" | "right" | "middle" (optional)#

    Defaults to left.

  • delay float (optional)#

    Time to wait between mousedown and mouseup in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • modifiers List["Alt" | "Control" | "ControlOrMeta" | "Meta" | "Shift"] (optional)#

    Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the operation, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used. "ControlOrMeta" resolves to "Control" on Windows and Linux and to "Meta" on macOS.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • position Dict (optional)#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional)#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it. Note that keyboard modifiers will be pressed regardless of trial to allow testing elements which are only visible when those keys are pressed.

Returns

Details

This method double clicks the element by performing the following steps:

  1. Wait for actionability checks on the element, unless force option is set.
  2. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  3. Use page.mouse to double click in the center of the element, or the specified position.

If the element is detached from the DOM at any moment during the action, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

note

element.dblclick() dispatches two click events and a single dblclick event.

dispatch_event​

Added in: v1.14 locator.dispatch_event

Programmatically dispatch an event on the matching element.

Usage

locator.dispatch_event("click")

Arguments

Returns

Details

The snippet above dispatches the click event on the element. Regardless of the visibility state of the element, click is dispatched. This is equivalent to calling element.click().

Under the hood, it creates an instance of an event based on the given type, initializes it with event_init properties and dispatches it on the element. Events are composed, cancelable and bubble by default.

Since event_init is event-specific, please refer to the events documentation for the lists of initial properties:

You can also specify JSHandle as the property value if you want live objects to be passed into the event:

# note you can only create data_transfer in chromium and firefox
data_transfer = page.evaluate_handle("new DataTransfer()")
locator.dispatch_event("#source", "dragstart", {"dataTransfer": data_transfer})

drag_to​

Added in: v1.18 locator.drag_to

Drag the source element towards the target element and drop it.

Usage

source = page.locator("#source")
target = page.locator("#target")

source.drag_to(target)
# or specify exact positions relative to the top-left corners of the elements:
source.drag_to(
  target,
  source_position={"x": 34, "y": 7},
  target_position={"x": 10, "y": 20}
)

Arguments

  • target Locator#

    Locator of the element to drag to.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • source_position Dict (optional)#

    Clicks on the source element at this point relative to the top-left corner of the element's padding box. If not specified, some visible point of the element is used.

  • target_position Dict (optional)#

    Drops on the target element at this point relative to the top-left corner of the element's padding box. If not specified, some visible point of the element is used.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional)#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.

Returns

Details

This method drags the locator to another target locator or target position. It will first move to the source element, perform a mousedown, then move to the target element or position and perform a mouseup.

evaluate​

Added in: v1.14 locator.evaluate

Execute JavaScript code in the page, taking the matching element as an argument.

Usage

tweets = page.locator(".tweet .retweets")
assert tweets.evaluate("node => node.innerText") == "10 retweets"

Arguments

Returns

Details

Returns the return value of expression, called with the matching element as a first argument, and arg as a second argument.

If expression returns a Promise, this method will wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.

If expression throws or rejects, this method throws.

evaluate_all​

Added in: v1.14 locator.evaluate_all

Execute JavaScript code in the page, taking all matching elements as an argument.

Usage

locator = page.locator("div")
more_than_ten = locator.evaluate_all("(divs, min) => divs.length > min", 10)

Arguments

  • expression str#

    JavaScript expression to be evaluated in the browser context. If the expression evaluates to a function, the function is automatically invoked.

  • arg EvaluationArgument (optional)#

    Optional argument to pass to expression.

Returns

Details

Returns the return value of expression, called with an array of all matching elements as a first argument, and arg as a second argument.

If expression returns a Promise, this method will wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.

If expression throws or rejects, this method throws.

evaluate_handle​

Added in: v1.14 locator.evaluate_handle

Execute JavaScript code in the page, taking the matching element as an argument, and return a JSHandle with the result.

Usage

locator.evaluate_handle(expression)
locator.evaluate_handle(expression, **kwargs)

Arguments

Returns

Details

Returns the return value of expression as aJSHandle, called with the matching element as a first argument, and arg as a second argument.

The only difference between locator.evaluate() and locator.evaluate_handle() is that locator.evaluate_handle() returns JSHandle.

If expression returns a Promise, this method will wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.

If expression throws or rejects, this method throws.

See page.evaluate_handle() for more details.

fill​

Added in: v1.14 locator.fill

Set a value to the input field.

Usage

page.get_by_role("textbox").fill("example value")

Arguments

  • value str#

    Value to set for the <input>, <textarea> or [contenteditable] element.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

Details

This method waits for actionability checks, focuses the element, fills it and triggers an input event after filling. Note that you can pass an empty string to clear the input field.

If the target element is not an <input>, <textarea> or [contenteditable] element, this method throws an error. However, if the element is inside the <label> element that has an associated control, the control will be filled instead.

To send fine-grained keyboard events, use locator.press_sequentially().

filter​

Added in: v1.22 locator.filter

This method narrows existing locator according to the options, for example filters by text. It can be chained to filter multiple times.

Usage

row_locator = page.locator("tr")
# ...
row_locator.filter(has_text="text in column 1").filter(
    has=page.get_by_role("button", name="column 2 button")
).screenshot()

Arguments

  • has Locator (optional)#

    Narrows down the results of the method to those which contain elements matching this relative locator. For example, article that has text=Playwright matches <article><div>Playwright</div></article>.

    Inner locator must be relative to the outer locator and is queried starting with the outer locator match, not the document root. For example, you can find content that has div in <article><content><div>Playwright</div></content></article>. However, looking for content that has article div will fail, because the inner locator must be relative and should not use any elements outside the content.

    Note that outer and inner locators must belong to the same frame. Inner locator must not contain FrameLocators.

  • has_not Locator (optional) Added in: v1.33#

    Matches elements that do not contain an element that matches an inner locator. Inner locator is queried against the outer one. For example, article that does not have div matches <article><span>Playwright</span></article>.

    Note that outer and inner locators must belong to the same frame. Inner locator must not contain FrameLocators.

  • has_not_text str | Pattern (optional) Added in: v1.33#

    Matches elements that do not contain specified text somewhere inside, possibly in a child or a descendant element. When passed a [string], matching is case-insensitive and searches for a substring.

  • has_text str | Pattern (optional)#

    Matches elements containing specified text somewhere inside, possibly in a child or a descendant element. When passed a [string], matching is case-insensitive and searches for a substring. For example, "Playwright" matches <article><div>Playwright</div></article>.

Returns

focus​

Added in: v1.14 locator.focus

Calls focus on the matching element.

Usage

locator.focus()
locator.focus(**kwargs)

Arguments

Returns

frame_locator​

Added in: v1.17 locator.frame_locator

When working with iframes, you can create a frame locator that will enter the iframe and allow locating elements in that iframe:

Usage

locator = page.frame_locator("iframe").get_by_text("Submit")
locator.click()

Arguments

  • selector str#

    A selector to use when resolving DOM element.

Returns

get_attribute​

Added in: v1.14 locator.get_attribute

Returns the matching element's attribute value.

Asserting attributes

If you need to assert an element's attribute, prefer expect(locator).to_have_attribute() to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

locator.get_attribute(name)
locator.get_attribute(name, **kwargs)

Arguments

Returns

get_by_alt_text​

Added in: v1.27 locator.get_by_alt_text

Allows locating elements by their alt text.

Usage

For example, this method will find the image by alt text "Playwright logo":

<img alt='Playwright logo'>
page.get_by_alt_text("Playwright logo").click()

Arguments

  • text str | Pattern#

    Text to locate the element for.

  • exact bool (optional)#

    Whether to find an exact match: case-sensitive and whole-string. Default to false. Ignored when locating by a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.

Returns

get_by_label​

Added in: v1.27 locator.get_by_label

Allows locating input elements by the text of the associated <label> or aria-labelledby element, or by the aria-label attribute.

Usage

For example, this method will find inputs by label "Username" and "Password" in the following DOM:

<input aria-label="Username">
<label for="password-input">Password:</label>
<input id="password-input">
page.get_by_label("Username").fill("john")
page.get_by_label("Password").fill("secret")

Arguments

  • text str | Pattern#

    Text to locate the element for.

  • exact bool (optional)#

    Whether to find an exact match: case-sensitive and whole-string. Default to false. Ignored when locating by a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.

Returns

get_by_placeholder​

Added in: v1.27 locator.get_by_placeholder

Allows locating input elements by the placeholder text.

Usage

For example, consider the following DOM structure.

<input type="email" placeholder="name@example.com" />

You can fill the input after locating it by the placeholder text:

page.get_by_placeholder("name@example.com").fill("playwright@microsoft.com")

Arguments

  • text str | Pattern#

    Text to locate the element for.

  • exact bool (optional)#

    Whether to find an exact match: case-sensitive and whole-string. Default to false. Ignored when locating by a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.

Returns

get_by_role​

Added in: v1.27 locator.get_by_role

Allows locating elements by their ARIA role, ARIA attributes and accessible name.

Usage

Consider the following DOM structure.

<h3>Sign up</h3>
<label>
  <input type="checkbox" /> Subscribe
</label>
<br/>
<button>Submit</button>

You can locate each element by it's implicit role:

expect(page.get_by_role("heading", name="Sign up")).to_be_visible()

page.get_by_role("checkbox", name="Subscribe").check()

page.get_by_role("button", name=re.compile("submit", re.IGNORECASE)).click()

Arguments

  • role "alert" | "alertdialog" | "application" | "article" | "banner" | "blockquote" | "button" | "caption" | "cell" | "checkbox" | "code" | "columnheader" | "combobox" | "complementary" | "contentinfo" | "definition" | "deletion" | "dialog" | "directory" | "document" | "emphasis" | "feed" | "figure" | "form" | "generic" | "grid" | "gridcell" | "group" | "heading" | "img" | "insertion" | "link" | "list" | "listbox" | "listitem" | "log" | "main" | "marquee" | "math" | "meter" | "menu" | "menubar" | "menuitem" | "menuitemcheckbox" | "menuitemradio" | "navigation" | "none" | "note" | "option" | "paragraph" | "presentation" | "progressbar" | "radio" | "radiogroup" | "region" | "row" | "rowgroup" | "rowheader" | "scrollbar" | "search" | "searchbox" | "separator" | "slider" | "spinbutton" | "status" | "strong" | "subscript" | "superscript" | "switch" | "tab" | "table" | "tablist" | "tabpanel" | "term" | "textbox" | "time" | "timer" | "toolbar" | "tooltip" | "tree" | "treegrid" | "treeitem"#

    Required aria role.

  • checked bool (optional)#

    An attribute that is usually set by aria-checked or native <input type=checkbox> controls.

    Learn more about aria-checked.

  • disabled bool (optional)#

    An attribute that is usually set by aria-disabled or disabled.

    note

    Unlike most other attributes, disabled is inherited through the DOM hierarchy. Learn more about aria-disabled.

  • exact bool (optional) Added in: v1.28#

    Whether name is matched exactly: case-sensitive and whole-string. Defaults to false. Ignored when name is a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.

  • expanded bool (optional)#

    An attribute that is usually set by aria-expanded.

    Learn more about aria-expanded.

  • include_hidden bool (optional)#

    Option that controls whether hidden elements are matched. By default, only non-hidden elements, as defined by ARIA, are matched by role selector.

    Learn more about aria-hidden.

  • level int (optional)#

    A number attribute that is usually present for roles heading, listitem, row, treeitem, with default values for <h1>-<h6> elements.

    Learn more about aria-level.

  • name str | Pattern (optional)#

    Option to match the accessible name. By default, matching is case-insensitive and searches for a substring, use exact to control this behavior.

    Learn more about accessible name.

  • pressed bool (optional)#

    An attribute that is usually set by aria-pressed.

    Learn more about aria-pressed.

  • selected bool (optional)#

    An attribute that is usually set by aria-selected.

    Learn more about aria-selected.

Returns

Details

Role selector does not replace accessibility audits and conformance tests, but rather gives early feedback about the ARIA guidelines.

Many html elements have an implicitly defined role that is recognized by the role selector. You can find all the supported roles here. ARIA guidelines do not recommend duplicating implicit roles and attributes by setting role and/or aria-* attributes to default values.

get_by_test_id​

Added in: v1.27 locator.get_by_test_id

Locate element by the test id.

Usage

Consider the following DOM structure.

<button data-testid="directions">Itinéraire</button>

You can locate the element by it's test id:

page.get_by_test_id("directions").click()

Arguments

Returns

Details

By default, the data-testid attribute is used as a test id. Use selectors.set_test_id_attribute() to configure a different test id attribute if necessary.

get_by_text​

Added in: v1.27 locator.get_by_text

Allows locating elements that contain given text.

See also locator.filter() that allows to match by another criteria, like an accessible role, and then filter by the text content.

Usage

Consider the following DOM structure:

<div>Hello <span>world</span></div>
<div>Hello</div>

You can locate by text substring, exact string, or a regular expression:

# Matches <span>
page.get_by_text("world")

# Matches first <div>
page.get_by_text("Hello world")

# Matches second <div>
page.get_by_text("Hello", exact=True)

# Matches both <div>s
page.get_by_text(re.compile("Hello"))

# Matches second <div>
page.get_by_text(re.compile("^hello$", re.IGNORECASE))

Arguments

  • text str | Pattern#

    Text to locate the element for.

  • exact bool (optional)#

    Whether to find an exact match: case-sensitive and whole-string. Default to false. Ignored when locating by a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.

Returns

Details

Matching by text always normalizes whitespace, even with exact match. For example, it turns multiple spaces into one, turns line breaks into spaces and ignores leading and trailing whitespace.

Input elements of the type button and submit are matched by their value instead of the text content. For example, locating by text "Log in" matches <input type=button value="Log in">.

get_by_title​

Added in: v1.27 locator.get_by_title

Allows locating elements by their title attribute.

Usage

Consider the following DOM structure.

<span title='Issues count'>25 issues</span>

You can check the issues count after locating it by the title text:

expect(page.get_by_title("Issues count")).to_have_text("25 issues")

Arguments

  • text str | Pattern#

    Text to locate the element for.

  • exact bool (optional)#

    Whether to find an exact match: case-sensitive and whole-string. Default to false. Ignored when locating by a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.

Returns

highlight​

Added in: v1.20 locator.highlight

Highlight the corresponding element(s) on the screen. Useful for debugging, don't commit the code that uses locator.highlight().

Usage

locator.highlight()

Returns

hover​

Added in: v1.14 locator.hover

Hover over the matching element.

Usage

page.get_by_role("link").hover()

Arguments

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • modifiers List["Alt" | "Control" | "ControlOrMeta" | "Meta" | "Shift"] (optional)#

    Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the operation, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used. "ControlOrMeta" resolves to "Control" on Windows and Linux and to "Meta" on macOS.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional) Added in: v1.28#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • position Dict (optional)#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional)#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it. Note that keyboard modifiers will be pressed regardless of trial to allow testing elements which are only visible when those keys are pressed.

Returns

Details

This method hovers over the element by performing the following steps:

  1. Wait for actionability checks on the element, unless force option is set.
  2. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  3. Use page.mouse to hover over the center of the element, or the specified position.

If the element is detached from the DOM at any moment during the action, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

inner_html​

Added in: v1.14 locator.inner_html

Returns the element.innerHTML.

Usage

locator.inner_html()
locator.inner_html(**kwargs)

Arguments

Returns

inner_text​

Added in: v1.14 locator.inner_text

Returns the element.innerText.

Asserting text

If you need to assert text on the page, prefer expect(locator).to_have_text() with use_inner_text option to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

locator.inner_text()
locator.inner_text(**kwargs)

Arguments

Returns

input_value​

Added in: v1.14 locator.input_value

Returns the value for the matching <input> or <textarea> or <select> element.

Asserting value

If you need to assert input value, prefer expect(locator).to_have_value() to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

value = page.get_by_role("textbox").input_value()

Arguments

Returns

Details

Throws elements that are not an input, textarea or a select. However, if the element is inside the <label> element that has an associated control, returns the value of the control.

is_checked​

Added in: v1.14 locator.is_checked

Returns whether the element is checked. Throws if the element is not a checkbox or radio input.

Asserting checked state

If you need to assert that checkbox is checked, prefer expect(locator).to_be_checked() to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

checked = page.get_by_role("checkbox").is_checked()

Arguments

Returns

is_disabled​

Added in: v1.14 locator.is_disabled

Returns whether the element is disabled, the opposite of enabled.

Asserting disabled state

If you need to assert that an element is disabled, prefer expect(locator).to_be_disabled() to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

disabled = page.get_by_role("button").is_disabled()

Arguments

Returns

is_editable​

Added in: v1.14 locator.is_editable

Returns whether the element is editable.

Asserting editable state

If you need to assert that an element is editable, prefer expect(locator).to_be_editable() to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

editable = page.get_by_role("textbox").is_editable()

Arguments

Returns

is_enabled​

Added in: v1.14 locator.is_enabled

Returns whether the element is enabled.

Asserting enabled state

If you need to assert that an element is enabled, prefer expect(locator).to_be_enabled() to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

enabled = page.get_by_role("button").is_enabled()

Arguments

Returns

is_hidden​

Added in: v1.14 locator.is_hidden

Returns whether the element is hidden, the opposite of visible.

Asserting visibility

If you need to assert that element is hidden, prefer expect(locator).to_be_hidden() to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

hidden = page.get_by_role("button").is_hidden()

Arguments

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option is ignored. locator.is_hidden() does not wait for the element to become hidden and returns immediately.

Returns

is_visible​

Added in: v1.14 locator.is_visible

Returns whether the element is visible.

Asserting visibility

If you need to assert that element is visible, prefer expect(locator).to_be_visible() to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

visible = page.get_by_role("button").is_visible()

Arguments

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option is ignored. locator.is_visible() does not wait for the element to become visible and returns immediately.

Returns

locator​

Added in: v1.14 locator.locator

The method finds an element matching the specified selector in the locator's subtree. It also accepts filter options, similar to locator.filter() method.

Learn more about locators.

Usage

locator.locator(selector_or_locator)
locator.locator(selector_or_locator, **kwargs)

Arguments

  • selector_or_locator str | Locator#

    A selector or locator to use when resolving DOM element.

  • has Locator (optional)#

    Narrows down the results of the method to those which contain elements matching this relative locator. For example, article that has text=Playwright matches <article><div>Playwright</div></article>.

    Inner locator must be relative to the outer locator and is queried starting with the outer locator match, not the document root. For example, you can find content that has div in <article><content><div>Playwright</div></content></article>. However, looking for content that has article div will fail, because the inner locator must be relative and should not use any elements outside the content.

    Note that outer and inner locators must belong to the same frame. Inner locator must not contain FrameLocators.

  • has_not Locator (optional) Added in: v1.33#

    Matches elements that do not contain an element that matches an inner locator. Inner locator is queried against the outer one. For example, article that does not have div matches <article><span>Playwright</span></article>.

    Note that outer and inner locators must belong to the same frame. Inner locator must not contain FrameLocators.

  • has_not_text str | Pattern (optional) Added in: v1.33#

    Matches elements that do not contain specified text somewhere inside, possibly in a child or a descendant element. When passed a [string], matching is case-insensitive and searches for a substring.

  • has_text str | Pattern (optional)#

    Matches elements containing specified text somewhere inside, possibly in a child or a descendant element. When passed a [string], matching is case-insensitive and searches for a substring. For example, "Playwright" matches <article><div>Playwright</div></article>.

Returns

nth​

Added in: v1.14 locator.nth

Returns locator to the n-th matching element. It's zero based, nth(0) selects the first element.

Usage

banana = page.get_by_role("listitem").nth(2)

Arguments

Returns

or_​

Added in: v1.33 locator.or_

Creates a locator matching all elements that match one or both of the two locators.

Note that when both locators match something, the resulting locator will have multiple matches and violate locator strictness guidelines.

Usage

Consider a scenario where you'd like to click on a "New email" button, but sometimes a security settings dialog shows up instead. In this case, you can wait for either a "New email" button, or a dialog and act accordingly.

new_email = page.get_by_role("button", name="New")
dialog = page.get_by_text("Confirm security settings")
expect(new_email.or_(dialog)).to_be_visible()
if (dialog.is_visible()):
  page.get_by_role("button", name="Dismiss").click()
new_email.click()

Arguments

  • locator Locator#

    Alternative locator to match.

Returns

press​

Added in: v1.14 locator.press

Focuses the matching element and presses a combination of the keys.

Usage

page.get_by_role("textbox").press("Backspace")

Arguments

  • key str#

    Name of the key to press or a character to generate, such as ArrowLeft or a.

  • delay float (optional)#

    Time to wait between keydown and keyup in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option will default to true in the future.

    Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to false.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

Details

Focuses the element, and then uses keyboard.down() and keyboard.up().

key can specify the intended keyboardEvent.key value or a single character to generate the text for. A superset of the key values can be found here. Examples of the keys are:

F1 - F12, Digit0- Digit9, KeyA- KeyZ, Backquote, Minus, Equal, Backslash, Backspace, Tab, Delete, Escape, ArrowDown, End, Enter, Home, Insert, PageDown, PageUp, ArrowRight, ArrowUp, etc.

Following modification shortcuts are also supported: Shift, Control, Alt, Meta, ShiftLeft, ControlOrMeta. ControlOrMeta resolves to Control on Windows and Linux and to Meta on macOS.

Holding down Shift will type the text that corresponds to the key in the upper case.

If key is a single character, it is case-sensitive, so the values a and A will generate different respective texts.

Shortcuts such as key: "Control+o", key: "Control++ or key: "Control+Shift+T" are supported as well. When specified with the modifier, modifier is pressed and being held while the subsequent key is being pressed.

press_sequentially​

Added in: v1.38 locator.press_sequentially
tip

In most cases, you should use locator.fill() instead. You only need to press keys one by one if there is special keyboard handling on the page.

Focuses the element, and then sends a keydown, keypress/input, and keyup event for each character in the text.

To press a special key, like Control or ArrowDown, use locator.press().

Usage

locator.press_sequentially("hello") # types instantly
locator.press_sequentially("world", delay=100) # types slower, like a user

An example of typing into a text field and then submitting the form:

locator = page.get_by_label("Password")
locator.press_sequentially("my password")
locator.press("Enter")

Arguments

  • text str#

    String of characters to sequentially press into a focused element.

  • delay float (optional)#

    Time to wait between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

screenshot​

Added in: v1.14 locator.screenshot

Take a screenshot of the element matching the locator.

Usage

page.get_by_role("link").screenshot()

Disable animations and save screenshot to a file:

page.get_by_role("link").screenshot(animations="disabled", path="link.png")

Arguments

  • animations "disabled" | "allow" (optional)#

    When set to "disabled", stops CSS animations, CSS transitions and Web Animations. Animations get different treatment depending on their duration:

    • finite animations are fast-forwarded to completion, so they'll fire transitionend event.
    • infinite animations are canceled to initial state, and then played over after the screenshot.

    Defaults to "allow" that leaves animations untouched.

  • caret "hide" | "initial" (optional)#

    When set to "hide", screenshot will hide text caret. When set to "initial", text caret behavior will not be changed. Defaults to "hide".

  • mask List[Locator] (optional)#

    Specify locators that should be masked when the screenshot is taken. Masked elements will be overlaid with a pink box #FF00FF (customized by mask_color) that completely covers its bounding box.

  • mask_color str (optional) Added in: v1.35#

    Specify the color of the overlay box for masked elements, in CSS color format. Default color is pink #FF00FF.

  • omit_background bool (optional)#

    Hides default white background and allows capturing screenshots with transparency. Not applicable to jpeg images. Defaults to false.

  • path Union[str, pathlib.Path] (optional)#

    The file path to save the image to. The screenshot type will be inferred from file extension. If path is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory. If no path is provided, the image won't be saved to the disk.

  • quality int (optional)#

    The quality of the image, between 0-100. Not applicable to png images.

  • scale "css" | "device" (optional)#

    When set to "css", screenshot will have a single pixel per each css pixel on the page. For high-dpi devices, this will keep screenshots small. Using "device" option will produce a single pixel per each device pixel, so screenshots of high-dpi devices will be twice as large or even larger.

    Defaults to "device".

  • style str (optional) Added in: v1.41#

    Text of the stylesheet to apply while making the screenshot. This is where you can hide dynamic elements, make elements invisible or change their properties to help you creating repeatable screenshots. This stylesheet pierces the Shadow DOM and applies to the inner frames.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • type "png" | "jpeg" (optional)#

    Specify screenshot type, defaults to png.

Returns

Details

This method captures a screenshot of the page, clipped to the size and position of a particular element matching the locator. If the element is covered by other elements, it will not be actually visible on the screenshot. If the element is a scrollable container, only the currently scrolled content will be visible on the screenshot.

This method waits for the actionability checks, then scrolls element into view before taking a screenshot. If the element is detached from DOM, the method throws an error.

Returns the buffer with the captured screenshot.

scroll_into_view_if_needed​

Added in: v1.14 locator.scroll_into_view_if_needed

This method waits for actionability checks, then tries to scroll element into view, unless it is completely visible as defined by IntersectionObserver's ratio.

See scrolling for alternative ways to scroll.

Usage

locator.scroll_into_view_if_needed()
locator.scroll_into_view_if_needed(**kwargs)

Arguments

Returns

select_option​

Added in: v1.14 locator.select_option

Selects option or options in <select>.

Usage

<select multiple>
  <option value="red">Red</div>
  <option value="green">Green</div>
  <option value="blue">Blue</div>
</select>
# single selection matching the value or label
element.select_option("blue")
# single selection matching the label
element.select_option(label="blue")
# multiple selection for blue, red and second option
element.select_option(value=["red", "green", "blue"])

Arguments

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • element ElementHandle | List[ElementHandle] (optional)#

    Option elements to select. Optional.

  • index int | List[int] (optional)#

    Options to select by index. Optional.

  • value str | List[str] (optional)#

    Options to select by value. If the <select> has the multiple attribute, all given options are selected, otherwise only the first option matching one of the passed options is selected. Optional.

  • label str | List[str] (optional)#

    Options to select by label. If the <select> has the multiple attribute, all given options are selected, otherwise only the first option matching one of the passed options is selected. Optional.

Returns

Details

This method waits for actionability checks, waits until all specified options are present in the <select> element and selects these options.

If the target element is not a <select> element, this method throws an error. However, if the element is inside the <label> element that has an associated control, the control will be used instead.

Returns the array of option values that have been successfully selected.

Triggers a change and input event once all the provided options have been selected.

select_text​

Added in: v1.14 locator.select_text

This method waits for actionability checks, then focuses the element and selects all its text content.

If the element is inside the <label> element that has an associated control, focuses and selects text in the control instead.

Usage

locator.select_text()
locator.select_text(**kwargs)

Arguments

Returns

set_checked​

Added in: v1.15 locator.set_checked

Set the state of a checkbox or a radio element.

Usage

page.get_by_role("checkbox").set_checked(True)

Arguments

  • checked bool#

    Whether to check or uncheck the checkbox.

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • position Dict (optional)#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional)#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.

Returns

Details

This method checks or unchecks an element by performing the following steps:

  1. Ensure that matched element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method throws.
  2. If the element already has the right checked state, this method returns immediately.
  3. Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless force option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried.
  4. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  5. Use page.mouse to click in the center of the element.
  6. Ensure that the element is now checked or unchecked. If not, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

set_input_files​

Added in: v1.14 locator.set_input_files

Upload file or multiple files into <input type=file>. For inputs with a [webkitdirectory] attribute, only a single directory path is supported.

Usage

# Select one file
page.get_by_label("Upload file").set_input_files('myfile.pdf')

# Select multiple files
page.get_by_label("Upload files").set_input_files(['file1.txt', 'file2.txt'])

# Select a directory
page.get_by_label("Upload directory").set_input_files('mydir')

# Remove all the selected files
page.get_by_label("Upload file").set_input_files([])

# Upload buffer from memory
page.get_by_label("Upload file").set_input_files(
    files=[
        {"name": "test.txt", "mimeType": "text/plain", "buffer": b"this is a test"}
    ],
)

Arguments

Returns

Details

Sets the value of the file input to these file paths or files. If some of the filePaths are relative paths, then they are resolved relative to the current working directory. For empty array, clears the selected files.

This method expects Locator to point to an input element. However, if the element is inside the <label> element that has an associated control, targets the control instead.

tap​

Added in: v1.14 locator.tap

Perform a tap gesture on the element matching the locator.

Usage

locator.tap()
locator.tap(**kwargs)

Arguments

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • modifiers List["Alt" | "Control" | "ControlOrMeta" | "Meta" | "Shift"] (optional)#

    Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the operation, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used. "ControlOrMeta" resolves to "Control" on Windows and Linux and to "Meta" on macOS.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • position Dict (optional)#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional)#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it. Note that keyboard modifiers will be pressed regardless of trial to allow testing elements which are only visible when those keys are pressed.

Returns

Details

This method taps the element by performing the following steps:

  1. Wait for actionability checks on the element, unless force option is set.
  2. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  3. Use page.touchscreen to tap the center of the element, or the specified position.

If the element is detached from the DOM at any moment during the action, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

note

element.tap() requires that the hasTouch option of the browser context be set to true.

text_content​

Added in: v1.14 locator.text_content

Returns the node.textContent.

Asserting text

If you need to assert text on the page, prefer expect(locator).to_have_text() to avoid flakiness. See assertions guide for more details.

Usage

locator.text_content()
locator.text_content(**kwargs)

Arguments

Returns

uncheck​

Added in: v1.14 locator.uncheck

Ensure that checkbox or radio element is unchecked.

Usage

page.get_by_role("checkbox").uncheck()

Arguments

  • force bool (optional)#

    Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to false.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • position Dict (optional)#

    A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

  • trial bool (optional)#

    When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to false. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.

Returns

Details

This method unchecks the element by performing the following steps:

  1. Ensure that element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method throws. If the element is already unchecked, this method returns immediately.
  2. Wait for actionability checks on the element, unless force option is set.
  3. Scroll the element into view if needed.
  4. Use page.mouse to click in the center of the element.
  5. Ensure that the element is now unchecked. If not, this method throws.

If the element is detached from the DOM at any moment during the action, this method throws.

When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.

wait_for​

Added in: v1.16 locator.wait_for

Returns when element specified by locator satisfies the state option.

If target element already satisfies the condition, the method returns immediately. Otherwise, waits for up to timeout milliseconds until the condition is met.

Usage

order_sent = page.locator("#order-sent")
order_sent.wait_for()

Arguments

  • state "attached" | "detached" | "visible" | "hidden" (optional)#

    Defaults to 'visible'. Can be either:

    • 'attached' - wait for element to be present in DOM.
    • 'detached' - wait for element to not be present in DOM.
    • 'visible' - wait for element to have non-empty bounding box and no visibility:hidden. Note that element without any content or with display:none has an empty bounding box and is not considered visible.
    • 'hidden' - wait for element to be either detached from DOM, or have an empty bounding box or visibility:hidden. This is opposite to the 'visible' option.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns

Properties​

content_frame​

Added in: v1.43 locator.content_frame

Returns a FrameLocator object pointing to the same iframe as this locator.

Useful when you have a Locator object obtained somewhere, and later on would like to interact with the content inside the frame.

For a reverse operation, use frame_locator.owner.

Usage

locator = page.locator("iframe[name=\"embedded\"]")
# ...
frame_locator = locator.content_frame
frame_locator.get_by_role("button").click()

Returns

first​

Added in: v1.14 locator.first

Returns locator to the first matching element.

Usage

locator.first

Returns

last​

Added in: v1.14 locator.last

Returns locator to the last matching element.

Usage

banana = page.get_by_role("listitem").last

Returns

page​

Added in: v1.19 locator.page

A page this locator belongs to.

Usage

locator.page

Returns

Deprecated​

element_handle​

Added in: v1.14 locator.element_handle
Discouraged

Always prefer using Locators and web assertions over ElementHandles because latter are inherently racy.

Resolves given locator to the first matching DOM element. If there are no matching elements, waits for one. If multiple elements match the locator, throws.

Usage

locator.element_handle()
locator.element_handle(**kwargs)

Arguments

Returns

element_handles​

Added in: v1.14 locator.element_handles
Discouraged

Always prefer using Locators and web assertions over ElementHandles because latter are inherently racy.

Resolves given locator to all matching DOM elements. If there are no matching elements, returns an empty list.

Usage

locator.element_handles()

Returns

type​

Added in: v1.14 locator.type
Deprecated

In most cases, you should use locator.fill() instead. You only need to press keys one by one if there is special keyboard handling on the page - in this case use locator.press_sequentially().

Focuses the element, and then sends a keydown, keypress/input, and keyup event for each character in the text.

To press a special key, like Control or ArrowDown, use locator.press().

Usage

Arguments

  • text str#

    A text to type into a focused element.

  • delay float (optional)#

    Time to wait between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.

  • no_wait_after bool (optional)#

    Deprecated

    This option has no effect.

    This option has no effect.

  • timeout float (optional)#

    Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000 (30 seconds). Pass 0 to disable timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browser_context.set_default_timeout() or page.set_default_timeout() methods.

Returns