JUnit (experimental)

Introduction

With a few lines of code, you can hook up Playwright to your favorite Java test runner.

In JUnit, you can use Playwright fixtures to automatically initialize Playwright, Browser, BrowserContext or Page. In the example below, all three test methods use the same Browser. Each test uses its own BrowserContext and Page.

package org.example;

import com.microsoft.playwright.Page;
import com.microsoft.playwright.junit.UsePlaywright;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static com.microsoft.playwright.assertions.PlaywrightAssertions.assertThat;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

@UsePlaywright
public class TestExample {
  @Test
  void shouldClickButton(Page page) {
    page.navigate("data:text/html,<script>var result;</script><button onclick='result=\"Clicked\"'>Go</button>");
    page.locator("button").click();
    assertEquals("Clicked", page.evaluate("result"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldCheckTheBox(Page page) {
    page.setContent("<input id='checkbox' type='checkbox'></input>");
    page.locator("input").check();
    assertEquals(true, page.evaluate("window['checkbox'].checked"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldSearchWiki(Page page) {
    page.navigate("https://www.wikipedia.org/");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").click();
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").fill("playwright");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").press("Enter");
    assertThat(page).hasURL("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playwright");
  }
}

Fixtures

Simply add JUnit annotation @UsePlaywright to your test classes to enable Playwright fixtures. Test fixtures are used to establish environment for each test, giving the test everything it needs and nothing else.

@UsePlaywright
public class TestExample {

  @Test
  void basicTest(Page page) {
    page.navigate("https://playwright.dev/");

    assertThat(page).hasTitle(Pattern.compile("Playwright"));
  }
}

The Page page argument tells JUnit to setup the page fixture and provide it to your test method.

Here is a list of the pre-defined fixtures:

Fixture	Type	Description
page	Page	Isolated page for this test run.
browserContext	BrowserContext	Isolated context for this test run. The page fixture belongs to this context as well.
browser	Browser	Browsers are shared across tests to optimize resources.
playwright	Playwright	Playwright instance is shared between tests running on the same thread.
request	APIRequestContext	Isolated APIRequestContext for this test run. Learn how to do API testing.

Customizing options

To customize fixture options, you should implement an OptionsFactory and specify the class in the @UsePlaywright() annotation.

You can easily override launch options for BrowserType.launch(), or context options for Browser.newContext() and APIRequest.newContext(). See the following example:

import com.microsoft.playwright.junit.Options;
import com.microsoft.playwright.junit.OptionsFactory;
import com.microsoft.playwright.junit.UsePlaywright;

@UsePlaywright(MyTest.CustomOptions.class)
public class MyTest {

  public static class CustomOptions implements OptionsFactory {
    @Override
    public Options getOptions() {
      return new Options()
          .setHeadless(false)
          .setContextOption(new Browser.NewContextOptions()
              .setBaseURL("https://github.com"))
          .setApiRequestOptions(new APIRequest.NewContextOptions()
              .setBaseURL("https://playwright.dev"));
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testWithCustomOptions(Page page, APIRequestContext request) {
    page.navigate("/");
    assertThat(page).hasURL(Pattern.compile("github"));

    APIResponse response = request.get("/");
    assertTrue(response.text().contains("Playwright"));
  }
}

Running Tests in Parallel

By default JUnit will run all tests sequentially on a single thread. Since JUnit 5.3 you can change this behavior to run tests in parallel to speed up execution (see this page). Since it is not safe to use same Playwright objects from multiple threads without extra synchronization we recommend you create Playwright instance per thread and use it on that thread exclusively. Here is an example how to run multiple test classes in parallel.

@UsePlaywright
class Test1 {
  @Test
  void shouldClickButton(Page page) {
    page.navigate("data:text/html,<script>var result;</script><button onclick='result=\"Clicked\"'>Go</button>");
    page.locator("button").click();
    assertEquals("Clicked", page.evaluate("result"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldCheckTheBox(Page page) {
    page.setContent("<input id='checkbox' type='checkbox'></input>");
    page.locator("input").check();
    assertEquals(true, page.evaluate("window['checkbox'].checked"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldSearchWiki(Page page) {
    page.navigate("https://www.wikipedia.org/");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").click();
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").fill("playwright");
    page.locator("input[name=\"search\"]").press("Enter");
    assertThat(page).hasURL("https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playwright");
  }
}

@UsePlaywright
class Test2 {
  @Test
  void shouldReturnInnerHTML(Page page) {
    page.setContent("<div>hello</div>");
    assertEquals("hello", page.innerHTML("css=div"));
  }

  @Test
  void shouldClickButton(Page page) {
    Page popup = page.waitForPopup(() -> {
      page.evaluate("window.open('about:blank');");
    });
    assertEquals("about:blank", popup.url());
  }
}

Configure JUnit to run tests in each class sequentially and run multiple classes on parallel threads (with max number of thread equal to 1/2 of the number of CPU cores):

junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.enabled = true
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.mode.default = same_thread
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.mode.classes.default = concurrent
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.strategy=dynamic
junit.jupiter.execution.parallel.config.dynamic.factor=0.5