Page Object Model
Page Object Model is a common pattern that introduces abstractions over web app pages to simplify interactions with them in multiple tests. It is best explained by an example.
We will create a PlaywrightDevPage
helper class to encapsulate common operations on the playwright.dev
page. Internally, it will use the page
object.
- TypeScript
- JavaScript
// playwright-dev-page.ts
import { expect, Locator, Page } from '@playwright/test';
export class PlaywrightDevPage {
readonly page: Page;
readonly getStartedLink: Locator;
readonly gettingStartedHeader: Locator;
readonly pomLink: Locator;
readonly tocList: Locator;
constructor(page: Page) {
this.page = page;
this.getStartedLink = page.locator('a', { hasText: 'Get started' });
this.gettingStartedHeader = page.locator('h1', { hasText: 'Getting started' });
this.pomLink = page.locator('li', { hasText: 'Playwright Test' }).locator('a', { hasText: 'Page Object Model' });
this.tocList = page.locator('article ul > li > a');
}
async goto() {
await this.page.goto('https://playwright.dev');
}
async getStarted() {
await this.getStartedLink.first().click();
await expect(this.gettingStartedHeader).toBeVisible();
}
async pageObjectModel() {
await this.getStarted();
await this.pomLink.click();
}
}
// playwright-dev-page.js
const { expect } = require('@playwright/test');
exports.PlaywrightDevPage = class PlaywrightDevPage {
/**
* @param {import('@playwright/test').Page} page
*/
constructor(page) {
this.page = page;
this.getStartedLink = page.locator('a', { hasText: 'Get started' });
this.gettingStartedHeader = page.locator('h1', { hasText: 'Getting started' });
this.pomLink = page.locator('li', { hasText: 'Playwright Test' }).locator('a', { hasText: 'Page Object Model' });
this.tocList = page.locator('article ul > li > a');
}
async goto() {
await this.page.goto('https://playwright.dev');
}
async getStarted() {
await this.getStartedLink.first().click();
await expect(this.gettingStartedHeader).toBeVisible();
}
async pageObjectModel() {
await this.getStarted();
await this.pomLink.click();
}
}
Now we can use the PlaywrightDevPage
class in our tests.
- TypeScript
- JavaScript
// example.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
import { PlaywrightDevPage } from './playwright-dev-page';
test('getting started should contain table of contents', async ({ page }) => {
const playwrightDev = new PlaywrightDevPage(page);
await playwrightDev.goto();
await playwrightDev.getStarted();
await expect(playwrightDev.tocList).toHaveText([
'Installation',
'First test',
'Configuration file',
'Writing assertions',
'Using test fixtures',
'Using test hooks',
'Command line',
'Configure NPM scripts',
'Release notes'
]);
});
test('should show Page Object Model article', async ({ page }) => {
const playwrightDev = new PlaywrightDevPage(page);
await playwrightDev.goto();
await playwrightDev.pageObjectModel();
await expect(page.locator('article')).toContainText('Page Object Model is a common pattern');
});
// example.spec.js
const { test, expect } = require('@playwright/test');
const { PlaywrightDevPage } = require('./playwright-dev-page');
test('getting started should contain table of contents', async ({ page }) => {
const playwrightDev = new PlaywrightDevPage(page);
await playwrightDev.goto();
await playwrightDev.getStarted();
await expect(playwrightDev.tocList).toHaveText([
'Installation',
'First test',
'Configuration file',
'Writing assertions',
'Using test fixtures',
'Using test hooks',
'Command line',
'Configure NPM scripts',
'Release notes'
]);
});
test('should show Page Object Model article', async ({ page }) => {
const playwrightDev = new PlaywrightDevPage(page);
await playwrightDev.goto();
await playwrightDev.pageObjectModel();
await expect(page.locator('article')).toContainText('Page Object Model is a common pattern');
});