Page
- extends: EventEmitter
Page provides methods to interact with a single tab in a Browser, or an extension background page in Chromium. One Browser instance might have multiple Page instances.
This example creates a page, navigates it to a URL, and then saves a screenshot:
const { webkit } = require('playwright'); // Or 'chromium' or 'firefox'.
(async () => {
const browser = await webkit.launch();
const context = await browser.newContext();
const page = await context.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await page.screenshot({ path: 'screenshot.png' });
await browser.close();
})();
The Page class emits various events (described below) which can be handled using any of Node's native EventEmitter
methods, such as on
, once
or removeListener
.
This example logs a message for a single page load
event:
page.once('load', () => console.log('Page loaded!'));
To unsubscribe from events use the removeListener
method:
function logRequest(interceptedRequest) {
console.log('A request was made:', interceptedRequest.url());
}
page.on('request', logRequest);
// Sometime later...
page.removeListener('request', logRequest);
Methods
addInitScript
Added in: v1.8Adds a script which would be evaluated in one of the following scenarios:
- Whenever the page is navigated.
- Whenever the child frame is attached or navigated. In this case, the script is evaluated in the context of the newly attached frame.
The script is evaluated after the document was created but before any of its scripts were run. This is useful to amend the JavaScript environment, e.g. to seed Math.random
.
Usage
An example of overriding Math.random
before the page loads:
// preload.js
Math.random = () => 42;
// In your playwright script, assuming the preload.js file is in same directory
await page.addInitScript({ path: './preload.js' });
await page.addInitScript(mock => {
window.mock = mock;
}, mock);
The order of evaluation of multiple scripts installed via browserContext.addInitScript() and page.addInitScript() is not defined.
Arguments
script
function|string|Object#path
string (optional)Path to the JavaScript file. If
path
is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory. Optional.content
string (optional)Raw script content. Optional.
Script to be evaluated in the page.
arg
Serializable (optional)#Optional argument to pass to
script
(only supported when passing a function).
addScriptTag
Added in: v1.8Adds a <script>
tag into the page with the desired url or content. Returns the added tag when the script's onload fires or when the script content was injected into frame.
Usage
await page.addScriptTag();
await page.addScriptTag(options);
Arguments
options
Object (optional)Raw JavaScript content to be injected into frame.
Path to the JavaScript file to be injected into frame. If
path
is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory.Script type. Use 'module' in order to load a Javascript ES6 module. See script for more details.
URL of a script to be added.
Returns
addStyleTag
Added in: v1.8Adds a <link rel="stylesheet">
tag into the page with the desired url or a <style type="text/css">
tag with the content. Returns the added tag when the stylesheet's onload fires or when the CSS content was injected into frame.
Usage
await page.addStyleTag();
await page.addStyleTag(options);
Arguments
options
Object (optional)
Returns
bringToFront
Added in: v1.8Brings page to front (activates tab).
Usage
await page.bringToFront();
close
Added in: v1.8If runBeforeUnload
is false
, does not run any unload handlers and waits for the page to be closed. If runBeforeUnload
is true
the method will run unload handlers, but will not wait for the page to close.
By default, page.close()
does not run beforeunload
handlers.
if runBeforeUnload
is passed as true, a beforeunload
dialog might be summoned and should be handled manually via page.on('dialog') event.
Usage
await page.close();
await page.close(options);
Arguments
options
Object (optional)runBeforeUnload
boolean (optional)#Defaults to
false
. Whether to run the before unload page handlers.
content
Added in: v1.8Gets the full HTML contents of the page, including the doctype.
Usage
await page.content();
Returns
context
Added in: v1.8Get the browser context that the page belongs to.
Usage
page.context();
Returns
dragAndDrop
Added in: v1.13This method drags the source element to the target element. It will first move to the source element, perform a mousedown
, then move to the target element and perform a mouseup
.
Usage
await page.dragAndDrop('#source', '#target');
// or specify exact positions relative to the top-left corners of the elements:
await page.dragAndDrop('#source', '#target', {
sourcePosition: { x: 34, y: 7 },
targetPosition: { x: 10, y: 20 },
});
Arguments
A selector to search for an element to drag. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
A selector to search for an element to drop onto. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to
false
.noWaitAfter
boolean (optional)#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.sourcePosition
Object (optional) Added in: v1.14#Clicks on the source element at this point relative to the top-left corner of the element's padding box. If not specified, some visible point of the element is used.
strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
targetPosition
Object (optional) Added in: v1.14#Drops on the target element at this point relative to the top-left corner of the element's padding box. If not specified, some visible point of the element is used.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to
false
. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.
emulateMedia
Added in: v1.8This method changes the CSS media type
through the media
argument, and/or the 'prefers-colors-scheme'
media feature, using the colorScheme
argument.
Usage
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('screen').matches);
// → true
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('print').matches);
// → false
await page.emulateMedia({ media: 'print' });
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('screen').matches);
// → false
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('print').matches);
// → true
await page.emulateMedia({});
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('screen').matches);
// → true
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('print').matches);
// → false
await page.emulateMedia({ colorScheme: 'dark' });
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches);
// → true
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches);
// → false
await page.evaluate(() => matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: no-preference)').matches);
// → false
Arguments
options
Object (optional)colorScheme
null|"light"|"dark"|"no-preference" (optional) Added in: v1.9#Emulates
'prefers-colors-scheme'
media feature, supported values are'light'
,'dark'
,'no-preference'
. Passingnull
disables color scheme emulation.forcedColors
null|"active"|"none" (optional) Added in: v1.15#Emulates
'forced-colors'
media feature, supported values are'active'
and'none'
. Passingnull
disables forced colors emulation.media
null|"screen"|"print" (optional) Added in: v1.9#Changes the CSS media type of the page. The only allowed values are
'screen'
,'print'
andnull
. Passingnull
disables CSS media emulation.reducedMotion
null|"reduce"|"no-preference" (optional) Added in: v1.12#Emulates
'prefers-reduced-motion'
media feature, supported values are'reduce'
,'no-preference'
. Passingnull
disables reduced motion emulation.
evaluate
Added in: v1.8Returns the value of the pageFunction
invocation.
If the function passed to the page.evaluate() returns a Promise, then page.evaluate() would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
If the function passed to the page.evaluate() returns a non-Serializable value, then page.evaluate() resolves to undefined
. Playwright also supports transferring some additional values that are not serializable by JSON
: -0
, NaN
, Infinity
, -Infinity
.
Usage
Passing argument to pageFunction
:
const result = await page.evaluate(([x, y]) => {
return Promise.resolve(x * y);
}, [7, 8]);
console.log(result); // prints "56"
A string can also be passed in instead of a function:
console.log(await page.evaluate('1 + 2')); // prints "3"
const x = 10;
console.log(await page.evaluate(`1 + ${x}`)); // prints "11"
ElementHandle instances can be passed as an argument to the page.evaluate():
const bodyHandle = await page.evaluate('document.body');
const html = await page.evaluate<string, HTMLElement>(([body, suffix]) =>
body.innerHTML + suffix, [bodyHandle, 'hello']
);
await bodyHandle.dispose();
Arguments
Function to be evaluated in the page context.
arg
EvaluationArgument (optional)#Optional argument to pass to
pageFunction
.
Returns
evaluateHandle
Added in: v1.8Returns the value of the pageFunction
invocation as a JSHandle.
The only difference between page.evaluate() and page.evaluateHandle() is that page.evaluateHandle() returns JSHandle.
If the function passed to the page.evaluateHandle() returns a Promise, then page.evaluateHandle() would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Usage
// Handle for the window object.
const aWindowHandle = await page.evaluateHandle(() => Promise.resolve(window));
A string can also be passed in instead of a function:
const aHandle = await page.evaluateHandle('document'); // Handle for the 'document'
JSHandle instances can be passed as an argument to the page.evaluateHandle():
const aHandle = await page.evaluateHandle(() => document.body);
const resultHandle = await page.evaluateHandle(body => body.innerHTML, aHandle);
console.log(await resultHandle.jsonValue());
await resultHandle.dispose();
Arguments
Function to be evaluated in the page context.
arg
EvaluationArgument (optional)#Optional argument to pass to
pageFunction
.
Returns
exposeBinding
Added in: v1.8The method adds a function called name
on the window
object of every frame in this page. When called, the function executes callback
and returns a Promise which resolves to the return value of callback
. If the callback
returns a Promise, it will be awaited.
The first argument of the callback
function contains information about the caller: { browserContext: BrowserContext, page: Page, frame: Frame }
.
See browserContext.exposeBinding() for the context-wide version.
Functions installed via page.exposeBinding() survive navigations.
Usage
An example of exposing page URL to all frames in a page:
const { webkit } = require('playwright'); // Or 'chromium' or 'firefox'.
(async () => {
const browser = await webkit.launch({ headless: false });
const context = await browser.newContext();
const page = await context.newPage();
await page.exposeBinding('pageURL', ({ page }) => page.url());
await page.setContent(`
<script>
async function onClick() {
document.querySelector('div').textContent = await window.pageURL();
}
</script>
<button onclick="onClick()">Click me</button>
<div></div>
`);
await page.click('button');
})();
An example of passing an element handle:
await page.exposeBinding('clicked', async (source, element) => {
console.log(await element.textContent());
}, { handle: true });
await page.setContent(`
<script>
document.addEventListener('click', event => window.clicked(event.target));
</script>
<div>Click me</div>
<div>Or click me</div>
`);
Arguments
Name of the function on the window object.
Callback function that will be called in the Playwright's context.
options
Object (optional)
exposeFunction
Added in: v1.8The method adds a function called name
on the window
object of every frame in the page. When called, the function executes callback
and returns a Promise which resolves to the return value of callback
.
If the callback
returns a Promise, it will be awaited.
See browserContext.exposeFunction() for context-wide exposed function.
Functions installed via page.exposeFunction() survive navigations.
Usage
An example of adding a sha256
function to the page:
const { webkit } = require('playwright'); // Or 'chromium' or 'firefox'.
const crypto = require('crypto');
(async () => {
const browser = await webkit.launch({ headless: false });
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.exposeFunction('sha256', text =>
crypto.createHash('sha256').update(text).digest('hex'),
);
await page.setContent(`
<script>
async function onClick() {
document.querySelector('div').textContent = await window.sha256('PLAYWRIGHT');
}
</script>
<button onclick="onClick()">Click me</button>
<div></div>
`);
await page.click('button');
})();
Arguments
Name of the function on the window object
Callback function which will be called in Playwright's context.
frame
Added in: v1.8Returns frame matching the specified criteria. Either name
or url
must be specified.
Usage
const frame = page.frame('frame-name');
const frame = page.frame({ url: /.*domain.*/ });
Arguments
name
string (optional)Frame name specified in the
iframe
'sname
attribute. Optional.url
string|RegExp|function(URL):boolean (optional)A glob pattern, regex pattern or predicate receiving frame's
url
as a URL object. Optional.
Frame name or other frame lookup options.
Returns
frameLocator
Added in: v1.17When working with iframes, you can create a frame locator that will enter the iframe and allow selecting elements in that iframe.
Usage
Following snippet locates element with text "Submit" in the iframe with id my-frame
, like <iframe id="my-frame">
:
const locator = page.frameLocator('#my-iframe').getByText('Submit');
await locator.click();
Arguments
Returns
frames
Added in: v1.8An array of all frames attached to the page.
Usage
page.frames();
Returns
getByAltText
Added in: v1.27Allows locating elements by their alt text.
Usage
For example, this method will find the image by alt text "Playwright logo":
<img alt='Playwright logo'>
await page.getByAltText('Playwright logo').click();
Arguments
Text to locate the element for.
options
Object (optional)
Returns
getByLabel
Added in: v1.27Allows locating input elements by the text of the associated <label>
or aria-labelledby
element, or by the aria-label
attribute.
Usage
For example, this method will find inputs by label "Username" and "Password" in the following DOM:
<input aria-label="Username">
<label for="password-input">Password:</label>
<input id="password-input">
await page.getByLabel('Username').fill('john');
await page.getByLabel('Password').fill('secret');
Arguments
Text to locate the element for.
options
Object (optional)
Returns
getByPlaceholder
Added in: v1.27Allows locating input elements by the placeholder text.
Usage
For example, consider the following DOM structure.
<input type="email" placeholder="name@example.com" />
You can fill the input after locating it by the placeholder text:
await page
.getByPlaceholder('name@example.com')
.fill('playwright@microsoft.com');
Arguments
Text to locate the element for.
options
Object (optional)
Returns
getByRole
Added in: v1.27Allows locating elements by their ARIA role, ARIA attributes and accessible name.
Usage
Consider the following DOM structure.
<h3>Sign up</h3>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" /> Subscribe
</label>
<br/>
<button>Submit</button>
You can locate each element by it's implicit role:
await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Sign up' })).toBeVisible();
await page.getByRole('checkbox', { name: 'Subscribe' }).check();
await page.getByRole('button', { name: /submit/i }).click();
Arguments
role
"alert"|"alertdialog"|"application"|"article"|"banner"|"blockquote"|"button"|"caption"|"cell"|"checkbox"|"code"|"columnheader"|"combobox"|"complementary"|"contentinfo"|"definition"|"deletion"|"dialog"|"directory"|"document"|"emphasis"|"feed"|"figure"|"form"|"generic"|"grid"|"gridcell"|"group"|"heading"|"img"|"insertion"|"link"|"list"|"listbox"|"listitem"|"log"|"main"|"marquee"|"math"|"meter"|"menu"|"menubar"|"menuitem"|"menuitemcheckbox"|"menuitemradio"|"navigation"|"none"|"note"|"option"|"paragraph"|"presentation"|"progressbar"|"radio"|"radiogroup"|"region"|"row"|"rowgroup"|"rowheader"|"scrollbar"|"search"|"searchbox"|"separator"|"slider"|"spinbutton"|"status"|"strong"|"subscript"|"superscript"|"switch"|"tab"|"table"|"tablist"|"tabpanel"|"term"|"textbox"|"time"|"timer"|"toolbar"|"tooltip"|"tree"|"treegrid"|"treeitem"#Required aria role.
options
Object (optional)An attribute that is usually set by
aria-checked
or native<input type=checkbox>
controls.Learn more about
aria-checked
.An attribute that is usually set by
aria-disabled
ordisabled
.noteUnlike most other attributes,
disabled
is inherited through the DOM hierarchy. Learn more aboutaria-disabled
.exact
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.28#Whether
name
is matched exactly: case-sensitive and whole-string. Defaults to false. Ignored whenname
is a regular expression. Note that exact match still trims whitespace.An attribute that is usually set by
aria-expanded
.Learn more about
aria-expanded
.includeHidden
boolean (optional)#Option that controls whether hidden elements are matched. By default, only non-hidden elements, as defined by ARIA, are matched by role selector.
Learn more about
aria-hidden
.A number attribute that is usually present for roles
heading
,listitem
,row
,treeitem
, with default values for<h1>-<h6>
elements.Learn more about
aria-level
.name
string|RegExp (optional)#Option to match the accessible name. By default, matching is case-insensitive and searches for a substring, use
exact
to control this behavior.Learn more about accessible name.
An attribute that is usually set by
aria-pressed
.Learn more about
aria-pressed
.An attribute that is usually set by
aria-selected
.Learn more about
aria-selected
.
Returns
Details
Role selector does not replace accessibility audits and conformance tests, but rather gives early feedback about the ARIA guidelines.
Many html elements have an implicitly defined role that is recognized by the role selector. You can find all the supported roles here. ARIA guidelines do not recommend duplicating implicit roles and attributes by setting role
and/or aria-*
attributes to default values.
getByTestId
Added in: v1.27Locate element by the test id.
Usage
Consider the following DOM structure.
<button data-testid="directions">Itinéraire</button>
You can locate the element by it's test id:
await page.getByTestId('directions').click();
Arguments
Returns
Details
By default, the data-testid
attribute is used as a test id. Use selectors.setTestIdAttribute() to configure a different test id attribute if necessary.
// Set custom test id attribute from @playwright/test config:
import { defineConfig } from '@playwright/test';
export default defineConfig({
use: {
testIdAttribute: 'data-pw'
},
});
getByText
Added in: v1.27Allows locating elements that contain given text.
See also locator.filter() that allows to match by another criteria, like an accessible role, and then filter by the text content.
Usage
Consider the following DOM structure:
<div>Hello <span>world</span></div>
<div>Hello</div>
You can locate by text substring, exact string, or a regular expression:
// Matches <span>
page.getByText('world');
// Matches first <div>
page.getByText('Hello world');
// Matches second <div>
page.getByText('Hello', { exact: true });
// Matches both <div>s
page.getByText(/Hello/);
// Matches second <div>
page.getByText(/^hello$/i);
Arguments
Text to locate the element for.
options
Object (optional)
Returns
Details
Matching by text always normalizes whitespace, even with exact match. For example, it turns multiple spaces into one, turns line breaks into spaces and ignores leading and trailing whitespace.
Input elements of the type button
and submit
are matched by their value
instead of the text content. For example, locating by text "Log in"
matches <input type=button value="Log in">
.
getByTitle
Added in: v1.27Allows locating elements by their title attribute.
Usage
Consider the following DOM structure.
<span title='Issues count'>25 issues</span>
You can check the issues count after locating it by the title text:
await expect(page.getByTitle('Issues count')).toHaveText('25 issues');
Arguments
Text to locate the element for.
options
Object (optional)
Returns
goBack
Added in: v1.8Returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. If can not go back, returns null
.
Navigate to the previous page in history.
Usage
await page.goBack();
await page.goBack(options);
Arguments
options
Object (optional)Maximum operation time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed vianavigationTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(), browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(), page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.waitUntil
"load"|"domcontentloaded"|"networkidle"|"commit" (optional)#When to consider operation succeeded, defaults to
load
. Events can be either:'domcontentloaded'
- consider operation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.'load'
- consider operation to be finished when theload
event is fired.'networkidle'
- DISCOURAGED consider operation to be finished when there are no network connections for at least500
ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.'commit'
- consider operation to be finished when network response is received and the document started loading.
Returns
goForward
Added in: v1.8Returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. If can not go forward, returns null
.
Navigate to the next page in history.
Usage
await page.goForward();
await page.goForward(options);
Arguments
options
Object (optional)Maximum operation time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed vianavigationTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(), browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(), page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.waitUntil
"load"|"domcontentloaded"|"networkidle"|"commit" (optional)#When to consider operation succeeded, defaults to
load
. Events can be either:'domcontentloaded'
- consider operation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.'load'
- consider operation to be finished when theload
event is fired.'networkidle'
- DISCOURAGED consider operation to be finished when there are no network connections for at least500
ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.'commit'
- consider operation to be finished when network response is received and the document started loading.
Returns
goto
Added in: v1.8Returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the first non-redirect response.
The method will throw an error if:
- there's an SSL error (e.g. in case of self-signed certificates).
- target URL is invalid.
- the
timeout
is exceeded during navigation. - the remote server does not respond or is unreachable.
- the main resource failed to load.
The method will not throw an error when any valid HTTP status code is returned by the remote server, including 404 "Not Found" and 500 "Internal Server Error". The status code for such responses can be retrieved by calling response.status().
The method either throws an error or returns a main resource response. The only exceptions are navigation to about:blank
or navigation to the same URL with a different hash, which would succeed and return null
.
Headless mode doesn't support navigation to a PDF document. See the upstream issue.
Usage
await page.goto(url);
await page.goto(url, options);
Arguments
URL to navigate page to. The url should include scheme, e.g.
https://
. When abaseURL
via the context options was provided and the passed URL is a path, it gets merged via thenew URL()
constructor.options
Object (optional)Referer header value. If provided it will take preference over the referer header value set by page.setExtraHTTPHeaders().
Maximum operation time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed vianavigationTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(), browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(), page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.waitUntil
"load"|"domcontentloaded"|"networkidle"|"commit" (optional)#When to consider operation succeeded, defaults to
load
. Events can be either:'domcontentloaded'
- consider operation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.'load'
- consider operation to be finished when theload
event is fired.'networkidle'
- DISCOURAGED consider operation to be finished when there are no network connections for at least500
ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.'commit'
- consider operation to be finished when network response is received and the document started loading.
Returns
isClosed
Added in: v1.8Indicates that the page has been closed.
Usage
page.isClosed();
Returns
locator
Added in: v1.14The method returns an element locator that can be used to perform actions on this page / frame. Locator is resolved to the element immediately before performing an action, so a series of actions on the same locator can in fact be performed on different DOM elements. That would happen if the DOM structure between those actions has changed.
Usage
page.locator(selector);
page.locator(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to use when resolving DOM element.
options
Object (optional)Matches elements containing an element that matches an inner locator. Inner locator is queried against the outer one. For example,
article
that hastext=Playwright
matches<article><div>Playwright</div></article>
.Note that outer and inner locators must belong to the same frame. Inner locator must not contain FrameLocators.
hasNot
Locator (optional) Added in: v1.33#Matches elements that do not contain an element that matches an inner locator. Inner locator is queried against the outer one. For example,
article
that does not havediv
matches<article><span>Playwright</span></article>
.Note that outer and inner locators must belong to the same frame. Inner locator must not contain FrameLocators.
hasNotText
string|RegExp (optional) Added in: v1.33#Matches elements that do not contain specified text somewhere inside, possibly in a child or a descendant element. When passed a string, matching is case-insensitive and searches for a substring.
hasText
string|RegExp (optional)#Matches elements containing specified text somewhere inside, possibly in a child or a descendant element. When passed a string, matching is case-insensitive and searches for a substring. For example,
"Playwright"
matches<article><div>Playwright</div></article>
.
Returns
mainFrame
Added in: v1.8The page's main frame. Page is guaranteed to have a main frame which persists during navigations.
Usage
page.mainFrame();
Returns
opener
Added in: v1.8Returns the opener for popup pages and null
for others. If the opener has been closed already the returns null
.
Usage
await page.opener();
Returns
pause
Added in: v1.9Pauses script execution. Playwright will stop executing the script and wait for the user to either press 'Resume' button in the page overlay or to call playwright.resume()
in the DevTools console.
User can inspect selectors or perform manual steps while paused. Resume will continue running the original script from the place it was paused.
This method requires Playwright to be started in a headed mode, with a falsy headless
value in the browserType.launch().
Usage
await page.pause();
pdf
Added in: v1.8Returns the PDF buffer.
Generating a pdf is currently only supported in Chromium headless.
page.pdf()
generates a pdf of the page with print
css media. To generate a pdf with screen
media, call page.emulateMedia() before calling page.pdf()
:
By default, page.pdf()
generates a pdf with modified colors for printing. Use the -webkit-print-color-adjust
property to force rendering of exact colors.
Usage
// Generates a PDF with 'screen' media type.
await page.emulateMedia({ media: 'screen' });
await page.pdf({ path: 'page.pdf' });
The width
, height
, and margin
options accept values labeled with units. Unlabeled values are treated as pixels.
A few examples:
page.pdf({width: 100})
- prints with width set to 100 pixelspage.pdf({width: '100px'})
- prints with width set to 100 pixelspage.pdf({width: '10cm'})
- prints with width set to 10 centimeters.
All possible units are:
px
- pixelin
- inchcm
- centimetermm
- millimeter
The format
options are:
Letter
: 8.5in x 11inLegal
: 8.5in x 14inTabloid
: 11in x 17inLedger
: 17in x 11inA0
: 33.1in x 46.8inA1
: 23.4in x 33.1inA2
: 16.54in x 23.4inA3
: 11.7in x 16.54inA4
: 8.27in x 11.7inA5
: 5.83in x 8.27inA6
: 4.13in x 5.83in
headerTemplate
and footerTemplate
markup have the following limitations: > 1. Script tags inside templates are not evaluated. > 2. Page styles are not visible inside templates.
Arguments
options
Object (optional)displayHeaderFooter
boolean (optional)#Display header and footer. Defaults to
false
.footerTemplate
string (optional)#HTML template for the print footer. Should use the same format as the
headerTemplate
.Paper format. If set, takes priority over
width
orheight
options. Defaults to 'Letter'.headerTemplate
string (optional)#HTML template for the print header. Should be valid HTML markup with following classes used to inject printing values into them:
'date'
formatted print date'title'
document title'url'
document location'pageNumber'
current page number'totalPages'
total pages in the document
height
string|number (optional)#Paper height, accepts values labeled with units.
Paper orientation. Defaults to
false
.Top margin, accepts values labeled with units. Defaults to
0
.right
string|number (optional)Right margin, accepts values labeled with units. Defaults to
0
.bottom
string|number (optional)Bottom margin, accepts values labeled with units. Defaults to
0
.Left margin, accepts values labeled with units. Defaults to
0
.
Paper margins, defaults to none.
Paper ranges to print, e.g., '1-5, 8, 11-13'. Defaults to the empty string, which means print all pages.
The file path to save the PDF to. If
path
is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory. If no path is provided, the PDF won't be saved to the disk.preferCSSPageSize
boolean (optional)#Give any CSS
@page
size declared in the page priority over what is declared inwidth
andheight
orformat
options. Defaults tofalse
, which will scale the content to fit the paper size.printBackground
boolean (optional)#Print background graphics. Defaults to
false
.Scale of the webpage rendering. Defaults to
1
. Scale amount must be between 0.1 and 2.width
string|number (optional)#Paper width, accepts values labeled with units.
Returns
reload
Added in: v1.8This method reloads the current page, in the same way as if the user had triggered a browser refresh. Returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect.
Usage
await page.reload();
await page.reload(options);
Arguments
options
Object (optional)Maximum operation time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed vianavigationTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(), browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(), page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.waitUntil
"load"|"domcontentloaded"|"networkidle"|"commit" (optional)#When to consider operation succeeded, defaults to
load
. Events can be either:'domcontentloaded'
- consider operation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.'load'
- consider operation to be finished when theload
event is fired.'networkidle'
- DISCOURAGED consider operation to be finished when there are no network connections for at least500
ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.'commit'
- consider operation to be finished when network response is received and the document started loading.
Returns
route
Added in: v1.8Routing provides the capability to modify network requests that are made by a page.
Once routing is enabled, every request matching the url pattern will stall unless it's continued, fulfilled or aborted.
The handler will only be called for the first url if the response is a redirect.
page.route() will not intercept requests intercepted by Service Worker. See this issue. We recommend disabling Service Workers when using request interception by setting Browser.newContext.serviceWorkers
to 'block'
.
Usage
An example of a naive handler that aborts all image requests:
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.route('**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}', route => route.abort());
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await browser.close();
or the same snippet using a regex pattern instead:
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.route(/(\.png$)|(\.jpg$)/, route => route.abort());
await page.goto('https://example.com');
await browser.close();
It is possible to examine the request to decide the route action. For example, mocking all requests that contain some post data, and leaving all other requests as is:
await page.route('/api/**', route => {
if (route.request().postData().includes('my-string'))
route.fulfill({ body: 'mocked-data' });
else
route.continue();
});
Page routes take precedence over browser context routes (set up with browserContext.route()) when request matches both handlers.
To remove a route with its handler you can use page.unroute().
Enabling routing disables http cache.
Arguments
url
string|RegExp|function(URL):boolean#A glob pattern, regex pattern or predicate receiving URL to match while routing. When a
baseURL
via the context options was provided and the passed URL is a path, it gets merged via thenew URL()
constructor.handler
function(Route, Request):Promise<Object>|Object#handler function to route the request.
options
Object (optional)
routeFromHAR
Added in: v1.23If specified the network requests that are made in the page will be served from the HAR file. Read more about Replaying from HAR.
Playwright will not serve requests intercepted by Service Worker from the HAR file. See this issue. We recommend disabling Service Workers when using request interception by setting Browser.newContext.serviceWorkers
to 'block'
.
Usage
await page.routeFromHAR(har);
await page.routeFromHAR(har, options);
Arguments
Path to a HAR file with prerecorded network data. If
path
is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory.options
Object (optional)notFound
"abort"|"fallback" (optional)#- If set to 'abort' any request not found in the HAR file will be aborted.
- If set to 'fallback' missing requests will be sent to the network.
Defaults to abort.
If specified, updates the given HAR with the actual network information instead of serving from file. The file is written to disk when browserContext.close() is called.
updateContent
"embed"|"attach" (optional) Added in: v1.32#Optional setting to control resource content management. If
attach
is specified, resources are persisted as separate files or entries in the ZIP archive. Ifembed
is specified, content is stored inline the HAR file.updateMode
"full"|"minimal" (optional) Added in: v1.32#When set to
minimal
, only record information necessary for routing from HAR. This omits sizes, timing, page, cookies, security and other types of HAR information that are not used when replaying from HAR. Defaults tofull
.A glob pattern, regular expression or predicate to match the request URL. Only requests with URL matching the pattern will be served from the HAR file. If not specified, all requests are served from the HAR file.
screenshot
Added in: v1.8Returns the buffer with the captured screenshot.
Usage
await page.screenshot();
await page.screenshot(options);
Arguments
options
Object (optional)animations
"disabled"|"allow" (optional)#When set to
"disabled"
, stops CSS animations, CSS transitions and Web Animations. Animations get different treatment depending on their duration:- finite animations are fast-forwarded to completion, so they'll fire
transitionend
event. - infinite animations are canceled to initial state, and then played over after the screenshot.
Defaults to
"allow"
that leaves animations untouched.- finite animations are fast-forwarded to completion, so they'll fire
caret
"hide"|"initial" (optional)#When set to
"hide"
, screenshot will hide text caret. When set to"initial"
, text caret behavior will not be changed. Defaults to"hide"
.x
numberx-coordinate of top-left corner of clip area
y
numbery-coordinate of top-left corner of clip area
width
numberwidth of clipping area
height
numberheight of clipping area
An object which specifies clipping of the resulting image.
When true, takes a screenshot of the full scrollable page, instead of the currently visible viewport. Defaults to
false
.mask
Array<Locator> (optional)#Specify locators that should be masked when the screenshot is taken. Masked elements will be overlaid with a pink box
#FF00FF
(customized bymaskColor
) that completely covers its bounding box.maskColor
string (optional) Added in: v1.35#Specify the color of the overlay box for masked elements, in CSS color format. Default color is pink
#FF00FF
.omitBackground
boolean (optional)#Hides default white background and allows capturing screenshots with transparency. Not applicable to
jpeg
images. Defaults tofalse
.The file path to save the image to. The screenshot type will be inferred from file extension. If
path
is a relative path, then it is resolved relative to the current working directory. If no path is provided, the image won't be saved to the disk.The quality of the image, between 0-100. Not applicable to
png
images.scale
"css"|"device" (optional)#When set to
"css"
, screenshot will have a single pixel per each css pixel on the page. For high-dpi devices, this will keep screenshots small. Using"device"
option will produce a single pixel per each device pixel, so screenshots of high-dpi devices will be twice as large or even larger.Defaults to
"device"
.Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.type
"png"|"jpeg" (optional)#Specify screenshot type, defaults to
png
.
Returns
setContent
Added in: v1.8This method internally calls document.write(), inheriting all its specific characteristics and behaviors.
Usage
await page.setContent(html);
await page.setContent(html, options);
Arguments
HTML markup to assign to the page.
options
Object (optional)Maximum operation time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed vianavigationTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(), browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(), page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.waitUntil
"load"|"domcontentloaded"|"networkidle"|"commit" (optional)#When to consider operation succeeded, defaults to
load
. Events can be either:'domcontentloaded'
- consider operation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.'load'
- consider operation to be finished when theload
event is fired.'networkidle'
- DISCOURAGED consider operation to be finished when there are no network connections for at least500
ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.'commit'
- consider operation to be finished when network response is received and the document started loading.
setDefaultNavigationTimeout
Added in: v1.8This setting will change the default maximum navigation time for the following methods and related shortcuts:
- page.goBack()
- page.goForward()
- page.goto()
- page.reload()
- page.setContent()
- page.waitForNavigation()
- page.waitForURL()
Usage
page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(timeout);
Arguments
setDefaultTimeout
Added in: v1.8This setting will change the default maximum time for all the methods accepting timeout
option.
page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout() takes priority over page.setDefaultTimeout().
Usage
page.setDefaultTimeout(timeout);
Arguments
setExtraHTTPHeaders
Added in: v1.8The extra HTTP headers will be sent with every request the page initiates.
page.setExtraHTTPHeaders() does not guarantee the order of headers in the outgoing requests.
Usage
await page.setExtraHTTPHeaders(headers);
Arguments
headers
Object<string, string>#An object containing additional HTTP headers to be sent with every request. All header values must be strings.
setViewportSize
Added in: v1.8In the case of multiple pages in a single browser, each page can have its own viewport size. However, browser.newContext() allows to set viewport size (and more) for all pages in the context at once.
page.setViewportSize() will resize the page. A lot of websites don't expect phones to change size, so you should set the viewport size before navigating to the page. page.setViewportSize() will also reset screen
size, use browser.newContext() with screen
and viewport
parameters if you need better control of these properties.
Usage
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.setViewportSize({
width: 640,
height: 480,
});
await page.goto('https://example.com');
Arguments
title
Added in: v1.8Returns the page's title.
Usage
await page.title();
Returns
unroute
Added in: v1.8Removes a route created with page.route(). When handler
is not specified, removes all routes for the url
.
Usage
await page.unroute(url);
await page.unroute(url, handler);
Arguments
url
string|RegExp|function(URL):boolean#A glob pattern, regex pattern or predicate receiving URL to match while routing.
handler
function(Route, Request):Promise<Object>|Object (optional)#Optional handler function to route the request.
url
Added in: v1.8Usage
page.url();
Returns
video
Added in: v1.8Video object associated with this page.
Usage
page.video();
Returns
viewportSize
Added in: v1.8Usage
page.viewportSize();
Returns
waitForEvent
Added in: v1.8Waits for event to fire and passes its value into the predicate function. Returns when the predicate returns truthy value. Will throw an error if the page is closed before the event is fired. Returns the event data value.
Usage
// Start waiting for download before clicking. Note no await.
const downloadPromise = page.waitForEvent('download');
await page.getByText('Download file').click();
const download = await downloadPromise;
Arguments
Event name, same one typically passed into
*.on(event)
.optionsOrPredicate
function|Object (optional)#predicate
functionReceives the event data and resolves to truthy value when the waiting should resolve.
timeout
number (optional)Maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Either a predicate that receives an event or an options object. Optional.
options
Object (optional)
Returns
waitForFunction
Added in: v1.8Returns when the pageFunction
returns a truthy value. It resolves to a JSHandle of the truthy value.
Usage
The page.waitForFunction() can be used to observe viewport size change:
const { webkit } = require('playwright'); // Or 'chromium' or 'firefox'.
(async () => {
const browser = await webkit.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
const watchDog = page.waitForFunction(() => window.innerWidth < 100);
await page.setViewportSize({ width: 50, height: 50 });
await watchDog;
await browser.close();
})();
To pass an argument to the predicate of page.waitForFunction() function:
const selector = '.foo';
await page.waitForFunction(selector => !!document.querySelector(selector), selector);
Arguments
Function to be evaluated in the page context.
arg
EvaluationArgument (optional)#Optional argument to pass to
pageFunction
.options
Object (optional)polling
number|"raf" (optional)#If
polling
is'raf'
, thenpageFunction
is constantly executed inrequestAnimationFrame
callback. Ifpolling
is a number, then it is treated as an interval in milliseconds at which the function would be executed. Defaults toraf
.Maximum time to wait for in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
waitForLoadState
Added in: v1.8Returns when the required load state has been reached.
This resolves when the page reaches a required load state, load
by default. The navigation must have been committed when this method is called. If current document has already reached the required state, resolves immediately.
Usage
await page.getByRole('button').click(); // Click triggers navigation.
await page.waitForLoadState(); // The promise resolves after 'load' event.
const popupPromise = page.waitForEvent('popup');
await page.getByRole('button').click(); // Click triggers a popup.
const popup = await popupPromise;
await popup.waitForLoadState('domcontentloaded'); // Wait for the 'DOMContentLoaded' event.
console.log(await popup.title()); // Popup is ready to use.
Arguments
state
"load"|"domcontentloaded"|"networkidle" (optional)#Optional load state to wait for, defaults to
load
. If the state has been already reached while loading current document, the method resolves immediately. Can be one of:'load'
- wait for theload
event to be fired.'domcontentloaded'
- wait for theDOMContentLoaded
event to be fired.'networkidle'
- DISCOURAGED wait until there are no network connections for at least500
ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.
options
Object (optional)Maximum operation time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed vianavigationTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(), browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(), page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
waitForRequest
Added in: v1.8Waits for the matching request and returns it. See waiting for event for more details about events.
Usage
// Start waiting for request before clicking. Note no await.
const requestPromise = page.waitForRequest('https://example.com/resource');
await page.getByText('trigger request').click();
const request = await requestPromise;
// Alternative way with a predicate. Note no await.
const requestPromise = page.waitForRequest(request =>
request.url() === 'https://example.com' && request.method() === 'GET',
);
await page.getByText('trigger request').click();
const request = await requestPromise;
Arguments
urlOrPredicate
string|RegExp|function(Request):boolean|Promise<boolean>#Request URL string, regex or predicate receiving Request object.
options
Object (optional)Maximum wait time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass
0
to disable the timeout. The default value can be changed by using the page.setDefaultTimeout() method.
Returns
waitForResponse
Added in: v1.8Returns the matched response. See waiting for event for more details about events.
Usage
// Start waiting for response before clicking. Note no await.
const responsePromise = page.waitForResponse('https://example.com/resource');
await page.getByText('trigger response').click();
const response = await responsePromise;
// Alternative way with a predicate. Note no await.
const responsePromise = page.waitForResponse(response =>
response.url() === 'https://example.com' && response.status() === 200
);
await page.getByText('trigger response').click();
const response = await responsePromise;
Arguments
urlOrPredicate
string|RegExp|function(Response):boolean|Promise<boolean>#Request URL string, regex or predicate receiving Response object. When a
baseURL
via the context options was provided and the passed URL is a path, it gets merged via thenew URL()
constructor.options
Object (optional)Maximum wait time in milliseconds, defaults to 30 seconds, pass
0
to disable the timeout. The default value can be changed by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
waitForURL
Added in: v1.11Waits for the main frame to navigate to the given URL.
Usage
await page.click('a.delayed-navigation'); // Clicking the link will indirectly cause a navigation
await page.waitForURL('**/target.html');
Arguments
url
string|RegExp|function(URL):boolean#A glob pattern, regex pattern or predicate receiving URL to match while waiting for the navigation. Note that if the parameter is a string without wildcard characters, the method will wait for navigation to URL that is exactly equal to the string.
options
Object (optional)Maximum operation time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed vianavigationTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(), browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(), page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.waitUntil
"load"|"domcontentloaded"|"networkidle"|"commit" (optional)#When to consider operation succeeded, defaults to
load
. Events can be either:'domcontentloaded'
- consider operation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.'load'
- consider operation to be finished when theload
event is fired.'networkidle'
- DISCOURAGED consider operation to be finished when there are no network connections for at least500
ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.'commit'
- consider operation to be finished when network response is received and the document started loading.
workers
Added in: v1.8This method returns all of the dedicated WebWorkers associated with the page.
This does not contain ServiceWorkers
Usage
page.workers();
Returns
Properties
coverage
Added in: v1.8Only available for Chromium atm.
Browser-specific Coverage implementation. See Coverage for more details.
Usage
page.coverage
Type
keyboard
Added in: v1.8Usage
page.keyboard
Type
mouse
Added in: v1.8Usage
page.mouse
Type
request
Added in: v1.16API testing helper associated with this page. This method returns the same instance as browserContext.request on the page's context. See browserContext.request for more details.
Usage
page.request
Type
touchscreen
Added in: v1.8Usage
page.touchscreen
Type
Events
on('close')
Added in: v1.8Emitted when the page closes.
Usage
page.on('close', data => {});
Event data
on('console')
Added in: v1.8Emitted when JavaScript within the page calls one of console API methods, e.g. console.log
or console.dir
. Also emitted if the page throws an error or a warning.
The arguments passed into console.log
are available on the ConsoleMessage event handler argument.
Usage
page.on('console', async msg => {
const values = [];
for (const arg of msg.args())
values.push(await arg.jsonValue());
console.log(...values);
});
await page.evaluate(() => console.log('hello', 5, { foo: 'bar' }));
Event data
on('crash')
Added in: v1.8Emitted when the page crashes. Browser pages might crash if they try to allocate too much memory. When the page crashes, ongoing and subsequent operations will throw.
The most common way to deal with crashes is to catch an exception:
try {
// Crash might happen during a click.
await page.click('button');
// Or while waiting for an event.
await page.waitForEvent('popup');
} catch (e) {
// When the page crashes, exception message contains 'crash'.
}
Usage
page.on('crash', data => {});
Event data
on('dialog')
Added in: v1.8Emitted when a JavaScript dialog appears, such as alert
, prompt
, confirm
or beforeunload
. Listener must either dialog.accept() or dialog.dismiss() the dialog - otherwise the page will freeze waiting for the dialog, and actions like click will never finish.
Usage
page.on('dialog', dialog => {
dialog.accept();
});
When no page.on('dialog') or browserContext.on('dialog') listeners are present, all dialogs are automatically dismissed.
Event data
on('domcontentloaded')
Added in: v1.9Emitted when the JavaScript DOMContentLoaded
event is dispatched.
Usage
page.on('domcontentloaded', data => {});
Event data
on('download')
Added in: v1.8Emitted when attachment download started. User can access basic file operations on downloaded content via the passed Download instance.
Usage
page.on('download', data => {});
Event data
on('filechooser')
Added in: v1.9Emitted when a file chooser is supposed to appear, such as after clicking the <input type=file>
. Playwright can respond to it via setting the input files using fileChooser.setFiles() that can be uploaded after that.
page.on('filechooser', async fileChooser => {
await fileChooser.setFiles(path.join(__dirname, '/tmp/myfile.pdf'));
});
Usage
page.on('filechooser', data => {});
Event data
on('frameattached')
Added in: v1.9Emitted when a frame is attached.
Usage
page.on('frameattached', data => {});
Event data
on('framedetached')
Added in: v1.9Emitted when a frame is detached.
Usage
page.on('framedetached', data => {});
Event data
on('framenavigated')
Added in: v1.9Emitted when a frame is navigated to a new url.
Usage
page.on('framenavigated', data => {});
Event data
on('load')
Added in: v1.8Emitted when the JavaScript load
event is dispatched.
Usage
page.on('load', data => {});
Event data
on('pageerror')
Added in: v1.9Emitted when an uncaught exception happens within the page.
// Log all uncaught errors to the terminal
page.on('pageerror', exception => {
console.log(`Uncaught exception: "${exception}"`);
});
// Navigate to a page with an exception.
await page.goto('data:text/html,<script>throw new Error("Test")</script>');
Usage
page.on('pageerror', data => {});
Event data
on('popup')
Added in: v1.8Emitted when the page opens a new tab or window. This event is emitted in addition to the browserContext.on('page'), but only for popups relevant to this page.
The earliest moment that page is available is when it has navigated to the initial url. For example, when opening a popup with window.open('http://example.com')
, this event will fire when the network request to "http://example.com" is done and its response has started loading in the popup.
// Start waiting for popup before clicking. Note no await.
const popupPromise = page.waitForEvent('popup');
await page.getByText('open the popup').click();
const popup = await popupPromise;
console.log(await popup.evaluate('location.href'));
Use page.waitForLoadState() to wait until the page gets to a particular state (you should not need it in most cases).
Usage
page.on('popup', data => {});
Event data
on('request')
Added in: v1.8Emitted when a page issues a request. The request object is read-only. In order to intercept and mutate requests, see page.route() or browserContext.route().
Usage
page.on('request', data => {});
Event data
on('requestfailed')
Added in: v1.9Emitted when a request fails, for example by timing out.
page.on('requestfailed', request => {
console.log(request.url() + ' ' + request.failure().errorText);
});
HTTP Error responses, such as 404 or 503, are still successful responses from HTTP standpoint, so request will complete with page.on('requestfinished') event and not with page.on('requestfailed'). A request will only be considered failed when the client cannot get an HTTP response from the server, e.g. due to network error net::ERR_FAILED.
Usage
page.on('requestfailed', data => {});
Event data
on('requestfinished')
Added in: v1.9Emitted when a request finishes successfully after downloading the response body. For a successful response, the sequence of events is request
, response
and requestfinished
.
Usage
page.on('requestfinished', data => {});
Event data
on('response')
Added in: v1.8Emitted when response status and headers are received for a request. For a successful response, the sequence of events is request
, response
and requestfinished
.
Usage
page.on('response', data => {});
Event data
on('websocket')
Added in: v1.9Emitted when WebSocket request is sent.
Usage
page.on('websocket', data => {});
Event data
on('worker')
Added in: v1.8Emitted when a dedicated WebWorker is spawned by the page.
Usage
page.on('worker', data => {});
Event data
Deprecated
$
Added in: v1.9Use locator-based page.locator() instead. Read more about locators.
The method finds an element matching the specified selector within the page. If no elements match the selector, the return value resolves to null
. To wait for an element on the page, use locator.waitFor().
Usage
await page.$(selector);
await page.$(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to query for.
options
Object (optional)
Returns
$$
Added in: v1.9Use locator-based page.locator() instead. Read more about locators.
The method finds all elements matching the specified selector within the page. If no elements match the selector, the return value resolves to []
.
Usage
await page.$$(selector);
Arguments
Returns
$eval
Added in: v1.9This method does not wait for the element to pass actionability checks and therefore can lead to the flaky tests. Use locator.evaluate(), other Locator helper methods or web-first assertions instead.
The method finds an element matching the specified selector within the page and passes it as a first argument to pageFunction
. If no elements match the selector, the method throws an error. Returns the value of pageFunction
.
If pageFunction
returns a Promise, then page.$eval() would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Usage
const searchValue = await page.$eval('#search', el => el.value);
const preloadHref = await page.$eval('link[rel=preload]', el => el.href);
const html = await page.$eval('.main-container', (e, suffix) => e.outerHTML + suffix, 'hello');
// In TypeScript, this example requires an explicit type annotation (HTMLLinkElement) on el:
const preloadHrefTS = await page.$eval('link[rel=preload]', (el: HTMLLinkElement) => el.href);
Arguments
A selector to query for.
pageFunction
function(Element)|string#Function to be evaluated in the page context.
arg
EvaluationArgument (optional)#Optional argument to pass to
pageFunction
.options
Object (optional)
Returns
$$eval
Added in: v1.9In most cases, locator.evaluateAll(), other Locator helper methods and web-first assertions do a better job.
The method finds all elements matching the specified selector within the page and passes an array of matched elements as a first argument to pageFunction
. Returns the result of pageFunction
invocation.
If pageFunction
returns a Promise, then page.$$eval() would wait for the promise to resolve and return its value.
Usage
const divCounts = await page.$$eval('div', (divs, min) => divs.length >= min, 10);
Arguments
A selector to query for.
pageFunction
function(Array<Element>)|string#Function to be evaluated in the page context.
arg
EvaluationArgument (optional)#Optional argument to pass to
pageFunction
.
Returns
accessibility
Added in: v1.8Usage
page.accessibility
Type
check
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.check() instead. Read more about locators.
This method checks an element matching selector
by performing the following steps:
- Find an element matching
selector
. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM. - Ensure that matched element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method throws. If the element is already checked, this method returns immediately.
- Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless
force
option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried. - Scroll the element into view if needed.
- Use page.mouse to click in the center of the element.
- Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless
noWaitAfter
option is set. - Ensure that the element is now checked. If not, this method throws.
When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout
, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.
Usage
await page.check(selector);
await page.check(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to
false
.noWaitAfter
boolean (optional)#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.position
Object (optional) Added in: v1.11#A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.
strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.trial
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.11#When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to
false
. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.
click
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.click() instead. Read more about locators.
This method clicks an element matching selector
by performing the following steps:
- Find an element matching
selector
. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM. - Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless
force
option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried. - Scroll the element into view if needed.
- Use page.mouse to click in the center of the element, or the specified
position
. - Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless
noWaitAfter
option is set.
When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout
, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.
Usage
await page.click(selector);
await page.click(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)button
"left"|"right"|"middle" (optional)#Defaults to
left
.defaults to 1. See UIEvent.detail.
Time to wait between
mousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to
false
.modifiers
Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift"> (optional)#Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the operation, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
noWaitAfter
boolean (optional)#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.
strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.trial
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.11#When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to
false
. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.
dblclick
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.dblclick() instead. Read more about locators.
This method double clicks an element matching selector
by performing the following steps:
- Find an element matching
selector
. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM. - Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless
force
option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried. - Scroll the element into view if needed.
- Use page.mouse to double click in the center of the element, or the specified
position
. - Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless
noWaitAfter
option is set. Note that if the first click of thedblclick()
triggers a navigation event, this method will throw.
When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout
, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.
page.dblclick()
dispatches two click
events and a single dblclick
event.
Usage
await page.dblclick(selector);
await page.dblclick(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)button
"left"|"right"|"middle" (optional)#Defaults to
left
.Time to wait between
mousedown
andmouseup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to
false
.modifiers
Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift"> (optional)#Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the operation, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
noWaitAfter
boolean (optional)#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.
strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.trial
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.11#When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to
false
. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.
dispatchEvent
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.dispatchEvent() instead. Read more about locators.
The snippet below dispatches the click
event on the element. Regardless of the visibility state of the element, click
is dispatched. This is equivalent to calling element.click().
Usage
await page.dispatchEvent('button#submit', 'click');
Under the hood, it creates an instance of an event based on the given type
, initializes it with eventInit
properties and dispatches it on the element. Events are composed
, cancelable
and bubble by default.
Since eventInit
is event-specific, please refer to the events documentation for the lists of initial properties:
You can also specify JSHandle
as the property value if you want live objects to be passed into the event:
// Note you can only create DataTransfer in Chromium and Firefox
const dataTransfer = await page.evaluateHandle(() => new DataTransfer());
await page.dispatchEvent('#source', 'dragstart', { dataTransfer });
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
DOM event type:
"click"
,"dragstart"
, etc.eventInit
EvaluationArgument (optional)#Optional event-specific initialization properties.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
fill
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.fill() instead. Read more about locators.
This method waits for an element matching selector
, waits for actionability checks, focuses the element, fills it and triggers an input
event after filling. Note that you can pass an empty string to clear the input field.
If the target element is not an <input>
, <textarea>
or [contenteditable]
element, this method throws an error. However, if the element is inside the <label>
element that has an associated control, the control will be filled instead.
To send fine-grained keyboard events, use locator.pressSequentially().
Usage
await page.fill(selector, value);
await page.fill(selector, value, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
Value to fill for the
<input>
,<textarea>
or[contenteditable]
element.options
Object (optional)force
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.13#Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to
false
.noWaitAfter
boolean (optional)#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
focus
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.focus() instead. Read more about locators.
This method fetches an element with selector
and focuses it. If there's no element matching selector
, the method waits until a matching element appears in the DOM.
Usage
await page.focus(selector);
await page.focus(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
getAttribute
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.getAttribute() instead. Read more about locators.
Returns element attribute value.
Usage
await page.getAttribute(selector, name);
await page.getAttribute(selector, name, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
Attribute name to get the value for.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
hover
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.hover() instead. Read more about locators.
This method hovers over an element matching selector
by performing the following steps:
- Find an element matching
selector
. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM. - Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless
force
option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried. - Scroll the element into view if needed.
- Use page.mouse to hover over the center of the element, or the specified
position
. - Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless
noWaitAfter
option is set.
When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout
, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.
Usage
await page.hover(selector);
await page.hover(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to
false
.modifiers
Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift"> (optional)#Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the operation, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
noWaitAfter
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.28#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.
strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.trial
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.11#When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to
false
. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.
innerHTML
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.innerHTML() instead. Read more about locators.
Returns element.innerHTML
.
Usage
await page.innerHTML(selector);
await page.innerHTML(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
innerText
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.innerText() instead. Read more about locators.
Returns element.innerText
.
Usage
await page.innerText(selector);
await page.innerText(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
inputValue
Added in: v1.13Use locator-based locator.inputValue() instead. Read more about locators.
Returns input.value
for the selected <input>
or <textarea>
or <select>
element.
Throws for non-input elements. However, if the element is inside the <label>
element that has an associated control, returns the value of the control.
Usage
await page.inputValue(selector);
await page.inputValue(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
isChecked
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.isChecked() instead. Read more about locators.
Returns whether the element is checked. Throws if the element is not a checkbox or radio input.
Usage
await page.isChecked(selector);
await page.isChecked(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
isDisabled
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.isDisabled() instead. Read more about locators.
Returns whether the element is disabled, the opposite of enabled.
Usage
await page.isDisabled(selector);
await page.isDisabled(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
isEditable
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.isEditable() instead. Read more about locators.
Returns whether the element is editable.
Usage
await page.isEditable(selector);
await page.isEditable(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
isEnabled
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.isEnabled() instead. Read more about locators.
Returns whether the element is enabled.
Usage
await page.isEnabled(selector);
await page.isEnabled(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
isHidden
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.isHidden() instead. Read more about locators.
Returns whether the element is hidden, the opposite of visible. selector
that does not match any elements is considered hidden.
Usage
await page.isHidden(selector);
await page.isHidden(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
- Deprecated
This option is ignored. page.isHidden() does not wait for the element to become hidden and returns immediately.
Returns
isVisible
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.isVisible() instead. Read more about locators.
Returns whether the element is visible. selector
that does not match any elements is considered not visible.
Usage
await page.isVisible(selector);
await page.isVisible(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
- Deprecated
This option is ignored. page.isVisible() does not wait for the element to become visible and returns immediately.
Returns
press
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.press() instead. Read more about locators.
Focuses the element, and then uses keyboard.down() and keyboard.up().
key
can specify the intended keyboardEvent.key value or a single character to generate the text for. A superset of the key
values can be found here. Examples of the keys are:
F1
- F12
, Digit0
- Digit9
, KeyA
- KeyZ
, Backquote
, Minus
, Equal
, Backslash
, Backspace
, Tab
, Delete
, Escape
, ArrowDown
, End
, Enter
, Home
, Insert
, PageDown
, PageUp
, ArrowRight
, ArrowUp
, etc.
Following modification shortcuts are also supported: Shift
, Control
, Alt
, Meta
, ShiftLeft
.
Holding down Shift
will type the text that corresponds to the key
in the upper case.
If key
is a single character, it is case-sensitive, so the values a
and A
will generate different respective texts.
Shortcuts such as key: "Control+o"
or key: "Control+Shift+T"
are supported as well. When specified with the modifier, modifier is pressed and being held while the subsequent key is being pressed.
Usage
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto('https://keycode.info');
await page.press('body', 'A');
await page.screenshot({ path: 'A.png' });
await page.press('body', 'ArrowLeft');
await page.screenshot({ path: 'ArrowLeft.png' });
await page.press('body', 'Shift+O');
await page.screenshot({ path: 'O.png' });
await browser.close();
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
Name of the key to press or a character to generate, such as
ArrowLeft
ora
.options
Object (optional)Time to wait between
keydown
andkeyup
in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.noWaitAfter
boolean (optional)#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
selectOption
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.selectOption() instead. Read more about locators.
This method waits for an element matching selector
, waits for actionability checks, waits until all specified options are present in the <select>
element and selects these options.
If the target element is not a <select>
element, this method throws an error. However, if the element is inside the <label>
element that has an associated control, the control will be used instead.
Returns the array of option values that have been successfully selected.
Triggers a change
and input
event once all the provided options have been selected.
Usage
// single selection matching the value
page.selectOption('select#colors', 'blue');
// single selection matching the label
page.selectOption('select#colors', { label: 'Blue' });
// multiple selection
page.selectOption('select#colors', ['red', 'green', 'blue']);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
values
null|string|ElementHandle|Array<string>|Object|Array<ElementHandle>|Array<Object>#value
string (optional)Matches by
option.value
. Optional.label
string (optional)Matches by
option.label
. Optional.index
number (optional)Matches by the index. Optional.
Options to select. If the
<select>
has themultiple
attribute, all matching options are selected, otherwise only the first option matching one of the passed options is selected. String values are matching both values and labels. Option is considered matching if all specified properties match.options
Object (optional)force
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.13#Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to
false
.noWaitAfter
boolean (optional)#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
setChecked
Added in: v1.15Use locator-based locator.setChecked() instead. Read more about locators.
This method checks or unchecks an element matching selector
by performing the following steps:
- Find an element matching
selector
. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM. - Ensure that matched element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method throws.
- If the element already has the right checked state, this method returns immediately.
- Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless
force
option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried. - Scroll the element into view if needed.
- Use page.mouse to click in the center of the element.
- Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless
noWaitAfter
option is set. - Ensure that the element is now checked or unchecked. If not, this method throws.
When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout
, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.
Usage
await page.setChecked(selector, checked);
await page.setChecked(selector, checked, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
Whether to check or uncheck the checkbox.
options
Object (optional)Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to
false
.noWaitAfter
boolean (optional)#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.
When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to
false
. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.
setInputFiles
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.setInputFiles() instead. Read more about locators.
Sets the value of the file input to these file paths or files. If some of the filePaths
are relative paths, then they are resolved relative to the current working directory. For empty array, clears the selected files.
This method expects selector
to point to an input element. However, if the element is inside the <label>
element that has an associated control, targets the control instead.
Usage
await page.setInputFiles(selector, files);
await page.setInputFiles(selector, files, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)noWaitAfter
boolean (optional)#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
tap
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.tap() instead. Read more about locators.
This method taps an element matching selector
by performing the following steps:
- Find an element matching
selector
. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM. - Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless
force
option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried. - Scroll the element into view if needed.
- Use page.touchscreen to tap the center of the element, or the specified
position
. - Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless
noWaitAfter
option is set.
When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout
, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.
page.tap() the method will throw if hasTouch
option of the browser context is false.
Usage
await page.tap(selector);
await page.tap(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to
false
.modifiers
Array<"Alt"|"Control"|"Meta"|"Shift"> (optional)#Modifier keys to press. Ensures that only these modifiers are pressed during the operation, and then restores current modifiers back. If not specified, currently pressed modifiers are used.
noWaitAfter
boolean (optional)#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.
strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.trial
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.11#When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to
false
. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.
textContent
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.textContent() instead. Read more about locators.
Returns element.textContent
.
Usage
await page.textContent(selector);
await page.textContent(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
type
Added in: v1.8In most cases, you should use locator.fill() instead. You only need to press keys one by one if there is special keyboard handling on the page - in this case use locator.pressSequentially().
Sends a keydown
, keypress
/input
, and keyup
event for each character in the text. page.type
can be used to send fine-grained keyboard events. To fill values in form fields, use page.fill().
To press a special key, like Control
or ArrowDown
, use keyboard.press().
Usage
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
A text to type into a focused element.
options
Object (optional)Time to wait between key presses in milliseconds. Defaults to 0.
noWaitAfter
boolean (optional)#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
uncheck
Added in: v1.8Use locator-based locator.uncheck() instead. Read more about locators.
This method unchecks an element matching selector
by performing the following steps:
- Find an element matching
selector
. If there is none, wait until a matching element is attached to the DOM. - Ensure that matched element is a checkbox or a radio input. If not, this method throws. If the element is already unchecked, this method returns immediately.
- Wait for actionability checks on the matched element, unless
force
option is set. If the element is detached during the checks, the whole action is retried. - Scroll the element into view if needed.
- Use page.mouse to click in the center of the element.
- Wait for initiated navigations to either succeed or fail, unless
noWaitAfter
option is set. - Ensure that the element is now unchecked. If not, this method throws.
When all steps combined have not finished during the specified timeout
, this method throws a TimeoutError. Passing zero timeout disables this.
Usage
await page.uncheck(selector);
await page.uncheck(selector, options);
Arguments
A selector to search for an element. If there are multiple elements satisfying the selector, the first will be used.
options
Object (optional)Whether to bypass the actionability checks. Defaults to
false
.noWaitAfter
boolean (optional)#Actions that initiate navigations are waiting for these navigations to happen and for pages to start loading. You can opt out of waiting via setting this flag. You would only need this option in the exceptional cases such as navigating to inaccessible pages. Defaults to
false
.position
Object (optional) Added in: v1.11#A point to use relative to the top-left corner of element padding box. If not specified, uses some visible point of the element.
strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.trial
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.11#When set, this method only performs the actionability checks and skips the action. Defaults to
false
. Useful to wait until the element is ready for the action without performing it.
waitForNavigation
Added in: v1.8This method is inherently racy, please use page.waitForURL() instead.
Waits for the main frame navigation and returns the main resource response. In case of multiple redirects, the navigation will resolve with the response of the last redirect. In case of navigation to a different anchor or navigation due to History API usage, the navigation will resolve with null
.
Usage
This resolves when the page navigates to a new URL or reloads. It is useful for when you run code which will indirectly cause the page to navigate. e.g. The click target has an onclick
handler that triggers navigation from a setTimeout
. Consider this example:
// Start waiting for navigation before clicking. Note no await.
const navigationPromise = page.waitForNavigation();
await page.getByText('Navigate after timeout').click();
await navigationPromise;
Usage of the History API to change the URL is considered a navigation.
Arguments
options
Object (optional)Maximum operation time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed vianavigationTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultNavigationTimeout(), browserContext.setDefaultTimeout(), page.setDefaultNavigationTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.url
string|RegExp|function(URL):boolean (optional)#A glob pattern, regex pattern or predicate receiving URL to match while waiting for the navigation. Note that if the parameter is a string without wildcard characters, the method will wait for navigation to URL that is exactly equal to the string.
waitUntil
"load"|"domcontentloaded"|"networkidle"|"commit" (optional)#When to consider operation succeeded, defaults to
load
. Events can be either:'domcontentloaded'
- consider operation to be finished when theDOMContentLoaded
event is fired.'load'
- consider operation to be finished when theload
event is fired.'networkidle'
- DISCOURAGED consider operation to be finished when there are no network connections for at least500
ms. Don't use this method for testing, rely on web assertions to assess readiness instead.'commit'
- consider operation to be finished when network response is received and the document started loading.
Returns
waitForSelector
Added in: v1.8Use web assertions that assert visibility or a locator-based locator.waitFor() instead. Read more about locators.
Returns when element specified by selector satisfies state
option. Returns null
if waiting for hidden
or detached
.
Playwright automatically waits for element to be ready before performing an action. Using Locator objects and web-first assertions makes the code wait-for-selector-free.
Wait for the selector
to satisfy state
option (either appear/disappear from dom, or become visible/hidden). If at the moment of calling the method selector
already satisfies the condition, the method will return immediately. If the selector doesn't satisfy the condition for the timeout
milliseconds, the function will throw.
Usage
This method works across navigations:
const { chromium } = require('playwright'); // Or 'firefox' or 'webkit'.
(async () => {
const browser = await chromium.launch();
const page = await browser.newPage();
for (const currentURL of ['https://google.com', 'https://bbc.com']) {
await page.goto(currentURL);
const element = await page.waitForSelector('img');
console.log('Loaded image: ' + await element.getAttribute('src'));
}
await browser.close();
})();
Arguments
A selector to query for.
options
Object (optional)state
"attached"|"detached"|"visible"|"hidden" (optional)#Defaults to
'visible'
. Can be either:'attached'
- wait for element to be present in DOM.'detached'
- wait for element to not be present in DOM.'visible'
- wait for element to have non-empty bounding box and novisibility:hidden
. Note that element without any content or withdisplay:none
has an empty bounding box and is not considered visible.'hidden'
- wait for element to be either detached from DOM, or have an empty bounding box orvisibility:hidden
. This is opposite to the'visible'
option.
strict
boolean (optional) Added in: v1.14#When true, the call requires selector to resolve to a single element. If given selector resolves to more than one element, the call throws an exception.
Maximum time in milliseconds. Defaults to
0
- no timeout. The default value can be changed viaactionTimeout
option in the config, or by using the browserContext.setDefaultTimeout() or page.setDefaultTimeout() methods.
Returns
waitForTimeout
Added in: v1.8Never wait for timeout in production. Tests that wait for time are inherently flaky. Use Locator actions and web assertions that wait automatically.
Waits for the given timeout
in milliseconds.
Note that page.waitForTimeout()
should only be used for debugging. Tests using the timer in production are going to be flaky. Use signals such as network events, selectors becoming visible and others instead.
Usage
// wait for 1 second
await page.waitForTimeout(1000);
Arguments